美学:面对世界与人生——叔本华与尼采美学思想浅探

发布时间：2018-09-04 15:48

【摘要】：正叔本华、尼采的唯意志论美学与西方传统的思辨美学截然不同。他们不是回避与具体人生的联系,去追求所谓的无限与永恒、去探索审美现象背后的本质奥秘,而是把美学放在人学的大背景下,将人在“生命意志”、“强力意志”的驱动下而展示出的本真的存在状况和对自我价值的追求作为美学思考和艺术表现的唯一对象。这种美学研究的全新切入,意在阐释和规范他们认为应当如此的人生态度和人生方式,率先反映了现代西方人试图摆脱异化、追求精神自由的努力。我们认为,审美取向在很大程度上同时也是人生价值取向,因而,艺术、审美、人生在他们的美学中是紧密相连的。这既是叔本华、尼采与传统美学的明显区别,也是他们两人最大的共同之处。但是,我们也看到,面对多灾多难的世界和矛盾复杂的人生,叔本华和尼采又常常发出不同的声音。一、哲学背景叔本华和尼采的美学思想是他们的意志主义本体论、反理性主义认识论和悲观的人生观或悲剧世界观相结合的产物,因此,要把握他们的美学思想,首先应对其哲学背景有个基本的了解。叔本华的哲学有三个来源,即康德、柏拉图和印度佛教哲学。他把康德的“现象世界”和“自在之物”改造成。表象”和。意志”,认为“一切客体都是现象.唯有意志是自在之物”。意志的直接客体化是理念,
[Abstract]:Schopenhauer Nietzsche's will-only aesthetics is quite different from western traditional speculative aesthetics. Instead of avoiding the connection with concrete life, pursuing the so-called infinity and eternity, and exploring the essential mystery behind aesthetic phenomena, they put aesthetics in the background of human studies and put people in the "will of life". Driven by "strong will", the real existence and the pursuit of self-worth are the only objects of aesthetic thinking and artistic expression. This new approach to aesthetic research is intended to explain and standardize the attitude and way of life that they believe should be so, and to reflect the efforts of modern Westerners to get rid of alienation and pursue spiritual freedom. We think that aesthetic orientation is also the value orientation of life to a great extent, therefore, art, aesthetics and life are closely connected in their aesthetics. This is not only the obvious difference between Schopenhauer and Nietzsche and traditional aesthetics, but also their greatest common ground. But we also see that Schopenhauer and Nietzsche often make different voices in the face of a troubled world and a complex life. First, the aesthetic thoughts of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche are the result of the combination of their will ontology, anti-rationalism epistemology and pessimistic outlook on life or tragic worldview. First of all, we should have a basic understanding of its philosophical background. Schopenhauer's philosophy has three sources: Kant, Plato and Indian Buddhist philosophy. He transformed Kant's "phenomenal world" and "things at ease" into. Appearance "and." Will, "all objects are phenomena." Only will is a thing of freedom. " The direct objectification of will is the idea,
【作者单位】：南宁师专中文系
【分类号】：B83-06

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