试论变声期的合唱训练

发布时间：2018-07-03 19:19

本文选题：合唱 + 变声期　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：合唱，因它独有的均衡性、和谐性与交响性等特点，已成为全国人民所喜爱的艺术形式。在中学校园里，合唱艺术作为校园文化的重要组成部分，对中学生的成长更有无可代替的深远意义。那就是引领青春期的学生认识自我，身心和谐发展，并因此而能够拥有更美的艺术化的人生道路。但由于中学生正值变声期，声带的发育变化带来一系列嗓音的变化，原来明亮清脆的童声一下子变暗，变哑，音域变窄，高音上不去，声音缺乏耐力，，不稳定，易疲劳等，甚至声带充血，以至于发不出声音……这就是摆在中学合唱训练面前的问题。因此如何在训练中找出并运用科学的训练方法，在保护好学生的嗓子的同时，又能取得好的合唱效果变得至关重要。经过教学的实践和研究证明，若想取得好的训练效果，首先要有一系列科学的训练方法，包括一、分组训练法。按照学生的变声期特征将学生分组分声部，这样十分有利于根据嗓音状况实施不同的训练重点以及内容，以便于合唱作品更好的表现和完成；二、加强呼吸训练。引导学生从最自然的放松状态下的呼吸开始，逐渐加入慢吸慢呼，急吸慢呼等单纯的呼吸训练以及加入发声练习的呼吸训练；三、严格的发声练习。由于学生处于变声期，发声训练尤其应注意小声或轻声，重要的是在歌唱前心里要有一种最美妙的声音，学生只是要去模仿，这样就能既保护了脆弱的嗓音，又有利于头声共鸣的寻找，还能使学生处于身心共铸的歌唱世界，形成一种最和谐的美好状态。四、咬字吐字的共鸣练习。通过训练使学生学会运用身体的各个共鸣腔体共鸣，并会根据声区调节共鸣腔体的使用。五、系统的听音和欣赏练习。给学生创设一个美的音乐的世界，把他们的耳朵叫醒，使他们逐渐的习得音乐语言。六、在愉快的训练氛围中，把这些训练和学习内容形成一种综合的融汇贯通的一体式的训练。再有，就是合唱曲目的选择和改编。因为中学生的音域和嗓音条件，不能选择那些音域过宽，作品气势宏大的作品，而是根据学生的喜好，选择一些音域适中，难易程度也适合，并且精神风貌蓬勃向上的作品来演唱。当然为了开阔学生的视野，对一些有艺术价值的合唱曲的改编也不失为两全其美的办法。综上所述，只要方法科学，师生全情投入，完全可以排练出高质量的合唱。
[Abstract]:Choral singing, due to its unique characteristics of balance, harmony and symphony, has become a popular art form. In the middle school campus, choral art, as an important part of campus culture, has an irreplaceable far-reaching significance for the growth of middle school students. That is, the students who lead puberty know themselves, develop in harmony with their bodies and minds, and thus have a more beautiful and artistic way of life. However, since the middle school students are in a period of changing sound, the developmental changes in the vocal cords have brought about a series of changes in the voice. The original bright and crisp children's voice suddenly darkened, became mute, narrowed the range, did not go up the treble, and the sound lacked endurance, was unstable, and was easily tired, etc. Even the vocal cords are so congested that they can't make a sound. This is the problem in front of high school chorus training. Therefore, how to find out and use scientific training methods in training, while protecting students' voice, can achieve good chorus effect. Through teaching practice and research, if we want to achieve good training results, we must have a series of scientific training methods, including one, group training method. According to the characteristics of the students, the students are divided into different parts, which is very conducive to the implementation of different training emphasis and content according to the voice status, so as to facilitate the better performance and completion of chorus works; second, to strengthen breathing training. To guide students from the most natural state of relaxation of breathing began, gradually joined slow breathing, quick breathing slow breathing and breathing training to join the vocal exercises; third, strict phonation exercises. Since the students are in the period of changing voice, they should pay special attention to the low voice or the soft voice. It is important to have the most beautiful sound in their heart before singing. The student just has to imitate, so that he can protect the weak voice. It is also beneficial to the search for head-voice resonance, and can make students in the singing world of body and mind, forming a harmonious and beautiful state. Fourth, the articulation of the resonance of practice. Through training, students learn to use the resonating cavity of the body and adjust the use of the resonating cavity according to the sound area. Fifth, systematic listening and appreciating exercises. Create a world of beautiful music for students, wake up their ears and gradually learn the language of music. Sixth, in a pleasant training atmosphere, these training and learning content into a comprehensive and integrated training. Moreover, it is the choreography and adaptation of the chorus. Because of the range and voice conditions of middle school students, they cannot choose works that have a wide range and great momentum. Instead, according to the students' preferences, they choose some suitable range, which is also suitable for the degree of difficulty. And the spirit of the vigorous and upward works to sing. Of course, in order to broaden the students' horizons, the adaptation of some artistic choral music is also a perfect way. To sum up, as long as the method of science, teachers and students fully involved, can rehearse a high-quality chorus.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：J616

【共引文献】