钢琴练习中若干心理学问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 16:51

【摘要】： 钢琴学习是一种融心智技能与动作技能为一体的复杂活动。早期的钢琴教学实践和理论以艺术和技术为核心，较少对学习者心理因素的关注和研究。随着心理科学的不断发展，人们对个体心理在钢琴学习与演奏中的作用和影响越来越重视，国内外学者进行了大量的研究与实验。练习作为钢琴技能获得的基本过程，其质量的高低在很大程度上决定了钢琴学习的成败。本研究以认知心理学的基本理论为基础，采用定量研究(调查问卷法)和定性研究(访谈法)相结合的研究方法，对非音乐学院钢琴专业大学本科生练琴过程中的注意、记忆、想象和听觉等心理因素进行了考察，对问卷和访谈的结果作了初步的分析与讨论，结论如下： 1．注意、记忆、想象、听觉等四种心理因素对练琴质量有重大影响； 2．对注意力纬度的考察结果表明，被试群注意的稳定性，注意的分配，注意的广度均处于良好的水平；注意的习惯，，注意的转移呈现出较低的水平； 3．对记忆纬度的考察结果表明，背谱中最主要的记忆方式是运动记忆，图像记忆这种比较重要的记忆方式在调查中占有最低的比例。被试群的音乐记忆能力处在一个比较适中的水平； 4．对想象纬度的考察结果表明，被试群想象内容选择比例最高的为“某种情绪或气氛”。“练习过程伴随情绪情感反应”与“能够全身心投入音乐”均在调查中得到了良好支持。大多数被试认为应重视心理练习的作用； 5．对听觉纬度的考察结果表明，被试群具有良好的听觉习惯与听觉表象能力，而内心听觉能力处于较低水平。 6．对被试群练琴习惯与练习策略的考察在调查中获得了较好的结果呈现。 7．在本研究中，学琴的早晚(以8岁为界)与注意力的稳定性、背谱能力相关；与注意习惯、听觉习惯无关。
[Abstract]:Piano learning is a complex activity that combines mental skills with action skills. The early piano teaching practice and theory focused on art and technology, and paid little attention to the psychological factors of learners. With the development of psychological science, people pay more and more attention to the role and influence of individual psychology in piano learning and playing. As a basic process of obtaining piano skills, the quality of practice determines the success or failure of piano learning to a great extent. Based on the basic theory of cognitive psychology, this study adopts the methods of combining quantitative research (questionnaire method) and qualitative research (interview method) to study the attention and memory of piano majors in non-conservatory of music. The psychological factors, such as imagination and hearing, are investigated, and the results of questionnaire and interview are analyzed and discussed. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Attention, memory, imagination, Four psychological factors, such as hearing, have a great influence on the quality of piano training. 2. The investigation of the attention latitude shows that the attention of the subjects is stable, the distribution of attention, The breadth of attention is at a good level; the habit of attention and the shift of attention show a lower level; 3.The investigation of memory latitude shows that, Motion memory is the most important memory method in the back spectrum, and image memory is the most important memory way in the investigation. The music memory ability of the subjects is at a moderate level. 4. The results of the study on the imaginary latitude show that, The highest proportion of content selection was "some emotion or atmosphere". Both "exercise with emotional response" and "being fully engaged in music" were well supported in the survey. Most of the subjects think that we should pay attention to the role of psychological exercises. 5. The results of the study on auditory latitude show that the subjects have good auditory habits and auditory representation. But the inner hearing ability is in the lower level. 6. The investigation of the subjects' practice habit and practice strategy has obtained the better result in the investigation. 7. In this study, The morning and evening of piano learning (8 years old) is related to the stability of attention and the ability to memorize music, but it is not related to the habit of attention and the habit of hearing.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：J624.1

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