苏轼书法理论的伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 04:55

本文选题：苏轼 + 书法理论　；参考：《西南大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 苏轼的一生,融传统中国文人士大夫优秀品质于一身,铸成了令后世景仰不已的伟大而崇高的品格。其在诗词、散文、书法、绘画、音乐等方面精深钻研和卓越见解,使其成为中国文化史上少见的天才和全才。苏轼书学理论中的伦理思想,既是其躬行践履的人生观的反映,又是其卓越艺术实践的概括和总结,是其人生和艺术相融相偕的结晶。另一方面,苏轼书学理论中的伦理思想,既是其人生观中的伦理思想的延伸,又是其伦理思想的审美性质的变形,并且是这二者的有机结合,是以对书法艺术的独特创造和自觉探索而表现出来的伦理思想。这种书学理论中的伦理思想,不仅关涉一般性的人生伦理问题,更涉及对书艺、艺术、审美背后的人生修养和人生作为的体验和感悟,即以怎样的人生修养和作为来增进自己的书法艺术。苏轼书学理论包括“书如其人”、“平淡自然”和“技道两进”等基本内容。“书如其人”就其书法书艺内容而言,是指书法如同人的外貌,书艺反映书家之神情、气质、个性,书艺反映了书家的品格、境界和气象亦即“书品如人品”,这其中当然也存在着“书品”作为艺术水平同书家人品并不完全相通的情况,苏轼对此也有明确的自觉。这种书法理论背后所包含的人生观与伦理思想则是其对于书家人品和人格锻造的极端重视,反映了苏轼儒家文道观或儒家文艺伦理学的基本底色。“书如其人”书学观背后的伦理学意涵是积极的入世精神,是基于社会本位的关于个人责任、使命的伦理思考,也是其“奋厉有当世志”的政治抱负和以天下为己任的忠君爱民思想、个人“立朝大节”的伦理人格、有关人治与法治的社会政治理论的体现。同时也反映了时代条件下文人士大夫高涨的自觉精神。 “平淡自然”书学观就其书法书艺内容而言,是指作书不必有意求工不必刻意做作,而要一任自然的流露。即所谓“无意于书”、“忘我”或“超然”到“身与竹化”,实现心忘其手、手忘其笔的“笔自落纸非我使”,尊崇“无法之法”的定则臻于“萧散简远”境界。“平淡自然”书学观看起来主要涉及书艺风格及作书方法,其实主要涉及的是书艺境界及书家修为。这种书艺境界必以书家修为作为前提。这是苏轼关于个人本位的伦理思考在书学理论中的阐发,也是其受老庄思想影响的具体体现,更是其人生由“奋厉有当世志”到“吾心淡无累,遇境即安畅”历程的感悟与总结,所以他强调逍遥自由、“寓意而不留意”的人生态度的养成。总体而言,苏轼并未忘怀积极用世的儒家信念,因此他强调“忘我”的道德修养论,强调关于君子小人人格的区分,另一方面,他又立足于个人本位,强调个人价值和个性生活,并把自由逍遥的生活当作自己的理想人生。所以他能在得意与安适、变故和打击中宠辱不惊、安于所遇,当行则行、当止则止。典型地体现了传统文人士大夫以独善之心行兼济之志的生活态度、生活方式与生活道路。 “技道两进”的书学观来源于苏轼将儒家“文道观”与道家文艺观相结合的“文与道俱”与“艺道两进”的基本思想,要求文艺一方面传达、担当社稷之“道”,一方面表现肯定自身价值和主体人格,追求自然和自由的生活理想。其伦理观则是社会本位和个体本位伦理思想的有机结合,对于个人而言,则是社会人格与个体人格、政治追求与生活追求、现实实践与生活理想的统一,亦即个人的修身养性同使命担当的统一。总体而论,苏轼的书学观所蕴含的伦理思想,就是书家的社会人格与个体人格的统一,也人的社会人格与个体人格的统一。这种统一在理论的倡导方面或许并不新鲜,但很难实践层面上以全面的方式贯彻。苏轼恰好将这种理想的伦理人格落实于终身,并成为能够落实这种人格的为数极少的文人士大夫中的一个。难能可贵的,是其不但能贯穿于书法书艺实践,而且将其提高到书学理论的层次,从而为文人士大夫的文艺实践提供了人格修养的伦理基础。将全面的人格伦理修养同艺术实践的道路和艺术境界的达成联系起来,而不是仅仅着眼于其中的一个方面,就是苏轼书学理论贡献于文艺伦理学的特殊性,也是苏轼文艺伦理学的特殊贡献,虽然苏轼并没有关于文艺伦理学的系统理论,但他以卓越的艺术实践和全面的理论直觉洞悉并揭示了文艺伦理学的基本内容。这不仅是苏轼对于书学理论的贡献,也是苏轼对于文艺伦理学的贡献。
[Abstract]:Su Shi's life, with the excellent quality of the traditional Chinese literati, has become a great and noble character that has been admired by the later generations. His profound research and excellence in poetry, prose, calligraphy, painting and music have made it a rare genius and versatile in the history of Chinese culture.
The ethical thought in Su Shi's book theory is not only the reflection of his practice of life, but also the summary and summary of its excellent art practice. It is the crystallization of his life and art together. On the other hand, the ethical thought in Su Shi's book theory is the extension of the ethical thought in his outlook on life and the aesthetic of its ethical thoughts. It is the organic combination of the two and the ethical ideas of the unique creation and conscious exploration of the art of calligraphy. The ethical thought in this book theory involves not only the general ethical issues of life, but also the experience and perception of life and life behind the art, art and aesthetics. With what kind of life accomplishment and action to improve their calligraphy art.
The theory of Su Shi's book studies includes the basic contents of "books like their people", "plain nature" and "two advances in technical and Taoism". "Books like their people" refers to the appearance of calligraphy, such as the appearance of the same person. The art reflects the spirit, temperament and personality of the calligraphers, which reflects the character of the calligraphers, the realm and the meteorology, that is, "books as human qualities". Of course, there is a "book" as an art level that is not completely interlinked with the book's family, and Su Shi has a clear consciousness about it. The outlook on life and ethics behind this theory of calligraphy is the extreme attention to the character and personality forging of calligraphers, reflecting the Confucian Taoist View of Su Shi or the Confucian literature and art. The basic background color of science is that the ethical implications behind the book view of "the book as his man" are the positive spirit of entry into the world, the ethical thinking based on the personal responsibility, the mission based on the social standard, the political ambition of its "vigorous and vigorous political ambition", the loyalty of the people who take the world as his duty and the ethical personality of the individual "building the Dynasty". The social and political theory of "rule by man" and "rule of law" embodies the consciousness of the people in the era.
The book view of "plain nature" refers to its calligraphic art content, which means that a book does not have to be intended to be an intentional work, but a natural exultation. That is, the so-called "unintentional", "unselfish" or "transcendent" to "body and bamboo", to forget their hands, and forget their pen from "the pen from the paper, not me" and "the law of inability". The rule of "Xiao Sanjian far" is reaching the realm of "far away". The book study of "plain nature" mainly involves the style of Book Art and the method of making books. In fact, it mainly involves the book art realm and the calligraphers repair. This kind of book art realm must be regarded as the precondition of the calligraphers. This is the elucidation of Su Shi's theory of personal standard in the theory of Book Science. The concrete embodiment of the influence of Lao Zhuang's thought is the feeling and summary of the history of his life from "vigorous and vigorous" to "my heart is not tired, and the environment is smooth". So he emphasizes the freedom of freedom and the cultivation of the attitude of life. In general, Su Shi does not forget the Confucian belief of active life, so he emphasizes " The moral cultivation theory of forgetting, emphasizes the distinction between the personality of the gentleman and the son, on the other hand, he is based on the personal standard, emphasizes the personal value and personality life, and regards the free and free life as his ideal life. It reflects the traditional Chinese literati's attitude towards life, life style and life.
The book view of "two progress" comes from Su Shi's basic thought of combining the Confucian "Taoist View" with the Taoist View of literature and art and the "art of art two". It requires literature and art to convey and act as the "Dao" of the state. On the one hand, it expresses its own value and the main personality, and the pursuit of the ideal of nature and freedom. It is the organic combination of the social standard and the individual standard ethics. For the individual, it is the unity of the social personality and individual personality, the political pursuit and the life pursuit, the reality practice and the life ideal, that is, the personal cultivation and the mission.
As a whole, the ethical thought contained in Su Shi's book view is the unity of the social personality and individual personality of the calligraphers, and the unity of the social personality and the individual personality. This unity may not be new in the theory of advocacy, but it is difficult to carry out in a comprehensive way on the practice level. Su Shi happens to be the ideal ethical man. It is one of the few literati and officials who are able to implement this kind of personality. It is not only valuable, but can not only penetrate the calligraphy practice, but also raise it to the academic level of the book, thus providing the ethical basis for the literary and artistic practice of the literati and doctors. It will be a comprehensive man Glen. It is not only one aspect of it, but also the special contribution of Su Shi's Book Theory to the ethics of literature and art, and the special contribution of Su Shi's ethics of literature and art. Although Su Shi has no systematic theory on the ethics of literature and art, he has an excellent art. The practice and comprehensive theoretical intuition reveal and reveal the basic content of the ethics of literature and art. This is not only Su Shi's contribution to the theory of Book Science, but also Su Shi's contribution to the ethics of literature and art.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J292.1

【参考文献】