《庄子》中的自由思想与梭罗《瓦尔登湖》中的自由观的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 15:07

本文关键词： 梭罗庄子自由《庄子》《瓦尔登湖》　出处：《浙江大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本论文以亨利·戴维·梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》与庄子哲学中共有的“自由”思想为出发点,采用平行对比的方法,探索两者“自由”思想之间的异同,进而探究各自不同的文化渊源。论文首先通过详述庄子哲学的重要概念,“真”、“诚”、“伪”和“游”,全面阐述庄子“自由”思想的实质,同时通过追溯梭罗思想的渊源,爱默生的超验主义理论,阐释梭罗“自由”思想的内涵。然后论文比照庄子哲学观点——“虚静”和“无待”与梭罗在《瓦尔登湖》中提出的疑问——文明的得失、“孤独”的生活方式以及食谱的选择等之间的共性,指出庄子思想与梭罗体验之间的诸多相似之处。接着,论文进一步列出两者之间的不同,比如不同的指涉对象、目标以及表达方式,并通过对比《瓦尔登湖》中的“鲈鱼”和“梭鱼”与《庄子·逍遥游》中的“鲲”和“鹏”之间的差异,指出梭罗与庄子借助“鱼化鸟”的自由理想所阐发的自由观之间的本质区别。最后,论文追溯庄子和梭罗各自生活时代、国家状况的差异,探究两者各自的自由观的渊源以及对各自的文化所产生的重要意义,指出庄子“自由”思想的形成不仅深受当时的社会现状的影响,而且充分吸收“巫觋”文化的精髓,其影响遍及中国悠久的文学、艺术创作传统;而梭罗的“自由”观则源于北美清教主义思想、德国理想主义以及中国老子道家思想的影响,其思想对美国社会、文化同样产生巨大影响。
[Abstract]:Based on Henry David Thoreau's "Walden Lake" and the "freedom" thought shared in Zhuangzi's philosophy, this paper explores the similarities and differences between their "freedom" thoughts by using the method of parallel contrast. And then explore their different cultural sources. Firstly, the paper elaborates the important concepts of Zhuangzi's philosophy, such as "truth", "sincerity", "pseudo" and "travel", and expounds the essence of Zhuangzi's thought of "freedom" in an all-round way. At the same time, by tracing back to the origin of Thoreau's thought, Emerson's transcendentalism theory. This paper explains the connotation of Thoreau's thought of "freedom". Then the thesis compares Zhuangzi's philosophical viewpoints "empty quiet" and "nothing to wait" and the question raised by Thoreau in Lake Walden-the gains and losses of civilization. This paper points out the similarities between Zhuangzi's thought and Thoreau's experience. Then, the paper further lists the differences between the two. For example, different reference objects, targets and expressions, and by comparing the "bass" and "barracuda" in Lake Walden and the "Kun" and "Peng" in Zhuangzi Xiaoyao. This paper points out the essential difference between Thoreau and Zhuangzi's freedom view by means of the free ideal of "the Fish and the Birds". Finally, the paper traces the difference between Zhuang Zi and Thoreau's living times and the state of the country. This paper probes into the origin of their respective views on freedom and their significance to their respective cultures, and points out that the formation of Zhuangzi's thought of "freedom" is not only deeply influenced by the current social situation at that time. And fully absorb the essence of "wizard" culture, its influence throughout China's long literary, artistic creation tradition; Thoreau's view of "freedom" originates from the influence of North American Puritanism, German idealism and Chinese Laozi Taoism, which has a great influence on American society and culture.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I0-03

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