基于语料库的英汉小说原文和译文主位选择对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 20:17

本文关键词： 主位选择小说文本语料库翻译对比研究　出处：《广东外语外贸大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文基于自建的英汉平行语料库，探索中英小说原文和译文主位的词汇语法特征。主位作为小句（clause）的起点，，止于小句中首个表达概念意义的成分（Halliday,2000:53）。小句主位（Theme）是语言使用者选择的结果，意义不止囿于传达小句的位置概念（Fries,1983）。不同文本和不同语言之间的主位选择对比因而具有研究价值。本文具有以下两点优势。一方面，现存研究大部分研究将重心置于语篇层面的主位推进（thematic progression），缺少专门针对主位词汇语法特征的研究。本文意图在小句层面深入探索主位选择。另一方面，现存文献大多为定性研究，本文通过定量研究补充研究方法的不足，语料库检索和统计学验证保证研究结果的相对可靠性。本文围绕下面两个问题进行研究。其一，中英小说主位选择的异同在哪里？其二，中英小说原文和译文主位选择的异同在哪里？本研究选择二十本小说作为语料来源，英语和汉语各十本。随机选择出的400个小句复合体（clause complex）被逐一划分成1,686个T单位（T-unit），其中原文和译文的T单位数分别为825和861。根据Halliday（2004）的主位理论，本研究人工标注T单位中主位的词汇语法特征，即标记性（markedness），复杂性（complexity）和及物性（transitivity），语料标记完成后使用AntConc3.2.0软件进行检索。本文研究的结果如下。其一，英汉小说主位的词汇语法特征呈现全面差异，仅在选择动作者（Actor）、时空（Location）和方式（Manner）三种及物性功能作主位时无显著差异。 1)相似特征：CNO (汉语原文)和ENO（英语原文）在选择动作者（Actor）、时空（Location）和方式（Manner）三种及物性功能作主位时无明显区别。Halliday（2004）认为不同语言在及物性功能选择上大致维持平衡，这一结果与其论断保持一致。 2)相异特征：CNO和ENO在三项词汇语法特征层面均存在差异。 a)在标记性层面，CNO倾向选择更多的标记主位（marked Theme）。本文认为这一现象体现了汉语的头重原则（Front-weight principle）。由于汉语接受头重的句子，表达环境概念（Circumstance）的附属语（Adjunct）通常可以放在小句的主位位置。 b)在复杂性层面，CNO选择更多的小句主位（clausal Theme）。本研究中多数小句主位表达时空概念（Location），可能是受人控原则（Human-manipulated principle）的影响，汉语句子倾向按照时空发展顺序组织小句结构。与之对应，ENO选择更多的复项主位（multiple Theme）。英语的形合特征（hypotactic）可以解释这一现象。本研究中复项主位主要由语篇主位（textual Theme）和主题主位（topical Theme）构成，形合语言通常需要借助语篇词项显性地表示小句之间的衔接关系。 c) CNO和ENO在选择感受者（Senser）和承载者（Carrier）作主位时存在不同。该结果表明选定的汉语小说倾向更多地描写内心感情和态度，而选定的英语小说选择更多的静态描述呈现叙述主体的特征。然而本文认为需要研究更全面的语料来验证英汉小说中是否普遍存在此项差异。其二，本研究通过对比ENT（英语译文）和CNO发现英语译文在选择标记主位和小句主位时存在翻译腔（translationese）。 1)相似特征：ENT和CNO在选择标记主位、小句主位和主位的及物性方面没有显著差异。本文认为译文与原文在及物性层面一致并不代表翻译腔。由于多数标记主位和小句主位均表示时空概念（Location）和方式概念（Manner），英语译文需要减少选择表达环境概念（Circumstance）的成分作为主位。 2)相异特征：ENT比CNO倾向选择更多的复项主位，符合英语重形合的语言特征，表明英语译文增加了语篇词项显性地表示小句之间的内在关系。其三，CNT（汉语译文）和ENO之间的对比表明汉语译文在主位的复杂性层面存在翻译腔。 1)相似特征：CNT和ENO中的主位在复杂性和及物性层面均不存在显著差异。如前文所述，译文和原文在主位的及物性层面一致并不代表翻译腔。在复杂性层面，汉语译文应该减少使用语篇主位（textual Theme），即连词（conjunction）或连词性附属语（conjunctiveAdjunct）。 2)相异特征：CNT比ENO选择更多的标记主位，表明汉语译文在主位位置前置了一些附属语（Adjunct），使译文更加符合汉语小句的头重原则。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the self built corpus, lexical and grammatical features of English novels. The original and the translation of thematic thematic clauses (clause) as the starting point, check in the clause in the first expression of meaning components (Halliday, 2000:53). Clausal theme (Theme) is the language users choose results. The significance of communication more than the limited position concept of clauses (Fries, 1983). The comparison between different thematic choices and text in different languages and has research value.
This paper has the following two advantages. On the one hand, most of the existing studies will be placed in the center of thematic discourse (thematic progression), the lack of specialized research on the thematic vocabulary and grammar characteristics. This paper intends to explore at the clause level of thematic choice. On the other hand, the existing literature is mostly qualitative research, lack of the quantitative study of research methods, corpus retrieval and statistical analysis to verify the relative reliability of research results.
This paper focuses on the following two questions. First, similarities and differences between Chinese and English novels thematic choice in where? Second, similarities and differences between Chinese and English novels text thematic choice in where? This study chooses twenty novels as the corpus, English and Chinese. The ten randomly selected 400 clauses complex (clause complex) one by one is divided into 1686 T units (T-unit), one of the original and the translation of T units were 825 and 861. according to Halliday (2004) of the thematic theory, the study of artificial annotation vocabulary grammatical features of thematic units in the T, namely mark (markedness), complexity (complexity) and transitivity (transitivity), corpus marking completion of AntConc3.2.0 software was used for retrieval. The results of this study are as follows.
First, the lexical and grammatical features of theme in English and Chinese novels show a comprehensive difference. There are no significant differences in the three transitivity functions of Actor, Location and Manner.
1) similar characteristics: CNO and ENO (Chinese version) (English original) in the choice of action (Actor), time (Location) and (Manner) three as a function of transitivity when no significant difference between.Halliday (2004) argues that different language in the transitivity function selection on to maintain a balance, this the results of its judgment consistency.
2) different characteristics: CNO and ENO have differences in the grammatical features of the three lexical items.
A) in the marked level, CNO tend to choose more marked themes (marked Theme). This paper argues that this phenomenon also reflects the principles of Chinese (Front-weight principle). The Chinese also accept the sentence, expressing the concept of environment (Circumstance) adjunct (Adjunct) usually can be placed in the position the main clause.
B) in complexity level, CNO more of the clausal theme (clausal Theme). The majority of clausal theme expression of space-time concept in this study (Location), may be affected by the human control principle (Human-manipulated principle) the influence of Chinese sentences according to the temporal and spatial development tendency sequence organization small sentence structure. The corresponding. ENO select the more complex theme (multiple Theme). English hypotactic (hypotactic) can explain this phenomenon. This study complex theme consists of textual themes (textual Theme) and theme rheme (topical Theme), a hypotactic language often need to use lexical entry dominant discourse that connection between clauses.
C) CNO and ENO in the choice of the sensor (Senser) and carrier (Carrier) are different. The results show that as a selected Chinese novel tend more to describe their feelings and attitudes, and selected English novels have more choice of static description of the narrative subject. However this paper argues that a more comprehensive study of corpus you need to verify the English novel is prevalent this difference.
Secondly, by comparing ENT (English translation) and CNO, this study found that there is a translation cavity (translationese) in the choice of marked theme and clause theme in English translation.
1) similar characteristics: ENT and CNO marked theme in the selection, clausal theme and transitivity theme. This paper argues that there is no significant difference between the original text and the translated text in the same level of transitivity does not mean translation cavity. Because most marked theme and clausal theme expressed the concept of time and space (Location) and concept (Manner), the English translation of the need to reduce the expression of the concept of environment (Circumstance) as the main ingredient.
2) different characteristics: ENT tends to choose more complex themes than CNO, which is in line with the linguistic features of English heavy parataxis. It indicates that English translation adds more words to express the internal relations between clauses.
Thirdly, the contrast between CNT and ENO shows that the Chinese translation has a translation cavity in the complexity level of the theme.
1) similar characteristics: CNT and ENO in the main position in the complexity and transitivity level does not exist significant differences. As mentioned above, the translation and the original in the theme of transitivity is consistent with translation cavity. In complexity level, Chinese translation should reduce the use of thematic (textual Theme), i.e. conjunctions (conjunction) or conjunctive adjunct (conjunctiveAdjunct).
2) different features: CNT than ENO more of the marked theme that Chinese translation in the main position in front of the additional language (Adjunct), make it more in line with the principle of heavy Chinese clauses.

【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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