《红楼梦》的预叙和David Hawkes的处理

发布时间：2018-02-27 02:26

本文关键词： 预叙叙述者功能预告创作动机　出处：《安徽大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从热奈特(G.Genette)，米克巴尔(M.Bal)等人创立叙事学后，西方对叙事的研究已经取得了长足的进展，中国对叙事的研究也方兴未艾。热奈特，米克巴尔等人对叙事进行了精彩的分析，也得出了令人信服的结论。他们从时间的比差入手，将叙事分为预叙和倒叙：故事时间先于叙事时间的为倒叙；故事时间晚于叙事时间的为预叙。预叙的文化内涵丰富。刘熙载在《艺概》中说：“惟存预叙，能线索在手，则错综变化，惟吾所施。” 与西方小说有所不同，中国古典小说中，预叙的使用极为普遍，虽然预叙通过对事情结局的提前描述在一定程度上削弱了对结局的悬念，但事情发展的过程依旧能构成悬念，这与中国古典小说中运用的预叙形式和特点有关：深受民间讲故事的影响——在故事开头三言两语将故事的大致经过、结果预先告诉读者(听众)，以引起他们的兴趣。中国传统小说中的预叙，大部分是有回应的预叙，即先提前点一下，后来再详细讲述。《红楼梦》中的预叙形式多样，且与情节融为一体，，其功能主要是对结果的预告。本文从叙事学角度，借助叙事理论，采用文献资料法、分类法和综合分析法，研究《红楼梦》的翻译。在当代对《红楼梦》的翻译研究中，绝大部分评论者是对现存的两个优秀的权威译本做比较式研究，围绕异化、归化的孰是孰非的争论年复一年；围绕David Hawkes的《红楼梦》译本的研究多从文化空缺或其归化译法入手，且诟病者多。本文在承认David Hawkes的《红楼梦》译本的优秀的基础上，探究并回答其译文是否真正考虑了叙事的类型和功能，特别是预叙在原作中的使用使原书成为“天书”，译文读者能否像原文读者一样获得同样的因预叙而带来的乐趣。同时指出文化空缺不足以解释其所有的值得商榷之处。《红楼梦》里的预叙属于对结局的预叙。虽给人宿命成分较多之感，但结果是肯定的。“从叙述结构观点看，预叙往往比倒叙还重要。”“预叙往往是叙述者的声音，是叙述者的意识强加于人物意识之上的”(赵毅衡，1998，10：114)因此可视所有的预叙为叙述者干预。同时也意味着对《红楼梦》的预叙手法处理的研究或评论必须建立在对叙述者(即作者)的正确而又充分的分析的基础上。本文共分五章。第一章是引论，简述了本论文研究的必要性，介绍预叙，《红楼梦》在东西方的传播和影响及围绕作者产生的成书主旨之争；第二章为理论综述，主要概述翻译中的作者和译者的关系，及对于影响深远的文学作品的翻译译者应该采取的态度，论证了语境对于文学翻译的重要性，提出通过文内解释和文后加注是语境移植的弥补途径；指出互文性的重视与否对预叙功能再现影响极大，并对“好了歌”的David Hawkes译本做预叙方面的翻译个案研究；第三章逐一探讨David Hawkes对《红楼梦》预叙手法的处理，分为六部分；第四章为综合分析；第五章为结论．本文通过对比David Hawkes在《红楼梦》翻译中所处理的各种主要预叙手段和原文，指出除小部分属误译外，大部分叙事类型在译文中的变化是由于文字的不同、观念意识的不同、流传的版本的不同及没有合适对待与原书主旨密切相关的表达词句。并指出译者通晓原文叙事手法并合理移植于译文是小说翻译的关键之一；指出在小说翻译中，大到语篇，小到句、词，都和叙事类型有着密切的关系。译文和原文叙事类型的对等是小说翻译之所在，是小说翻译成功与否的一个重要参数；同时指出，在小说翻译中，要达到文艺美学功能的等值，译者必须紧紧抓住叙事这一本质特性，恰当地把握原文作者的叙事技巧，准确地再现原作
[Abstract]:Since Genette (G.Genette), Mick Barr (M.Bal) and others founded the narrative, the narrative of western research has achieved great progress, the research on the narrative China also just unfolding Genette Mick Barr et al., a brilliant analysis of the narrative, but also draw a convincing conclusion. They start from the time difference that will be divided into narrative pre narration and flashback story: before the narrative time as flashbacks; story time later than the narrative time for pre narration. Pre narration and rich cultural connotations. Liu Xizai in < > Yi said: "the only store the pre Syria to clues in hand, while the intricate changes, but I applied"
Different from western novels, China classical novels, the use of pre classification is very common, although the prolepse things will end in advance to a certain extent, weakened the description on the outcome of the suspense, but the process of development of things can still constitute suspense, which is related to the use of China classical novels in pre narration form and characteristics the story: popular folk influence at the beginning of the story after story in two words or three will generally result in advance, tell the reader (audience), to arouse their interest in traditional novels. China prolepse, most have responded to the pre Syria, namely advance check it, then a detailed account of a dream of Red Mansions "in. The prolepse forms, and plot together, its main function is the result of the notice.
This paper from the perspective of narration, the narrative theory, using the method of literature, classification and comprehensive analysis, study of "a dream of Red Mansions" in contemporary translation studies. Translation of "a dream of Red Mansions", most commentators do comparative research, the two outstanding authoritative translation of existing on foreignization, domestication the debate is year after year; research around the David Hawkes version of "a dream of Red Mansions" from the cultural vacancy or the domestication of many, and criticized.
In this paper, in recognition of David Hawkes version of "a dream of Red Mansions" outstanding on the basis of inquiry and answer whether the version really consider the type and function of narrative, especially the use of pre narration in the original of the original book as "mumbo-jumbo", readers can get the same due to prolepse fun as the original the reader at the same time pointed out that cultural vacancy is not enough to explain all of its debatable.
"A dream of Red Mansions" in the pre Syria belong to the outcome of pre Syria. While giving a sense of fate more components, but the results are positive. "From the narrative structure point of view, pre narration more often than flashback is also important." "pre narration is often the narrator's voice, is the narrator's strong sense of consciousness of the characters to add on the" (Zhao Yiheng, 1998,10:114) so it can be regarded all the prolepse for intervention. The narrator also means of "a dream of Red Mansions" pre narrative processing study and criticism should be based on the narrator (Writers) based on full analysis of the right and the.
This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, the necessity of this thesis, the pre Syria, "a dream of Red Mansions" in the dissemination and influence of the West and around the author produced a Book theme of struggle; the second chapter is the theoretical review, mainly summarizes the relationship between the author and translator in translation, and the profound literary translation the translator should take the attitude, demonstrates the importance of context in literary translation, put forward by the text interpretation and filling is a way to make up for the context of transplantation; pointed out that the intertextuality of attention prolepse function has great influence on reproduction, and "good song" the David version of Hawkes do research on the translation of the prolepse case; the third chapter discusses David Hawkes on "a dream of Red Mansions" pre narrative, is divided into six parts; the fourth chapter is the comprehensive analysis; the fifth chapter is the conclusion.
Through the comparison of David Hawkes in "a dream of Red Mansions" in the translation process of all major pre narration means and text, pointed out that in addition to a small part of a mistranslation, most changes in narrative type in translation is due to the differences in words, different ideas, different version of the spread and not suitable to expression is closely related with the the original book theme. And translators knowing the original narrative and the reasonable transplantation is one of the key points in the translation of fiction; fiction translation, to text, small sentence, word, and narrative types are closely related. The translation and the original narrative type equivalence is where the translation of novels the novel, is the success of translation is an important parameter; also pointed out that in fiction translation, literary aesthetics to achieve functional equivalence, the translator must firmly grasp the essence of narrative characteristics, properly grasp the A narrative technique that accurately reproduces the original

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I046;H315.9

【引证文献】