论鲁迅与卡夫卡作品中的“小人物”

发布时间：2018-03-05 00:08

本文选题：“小人物”　切入点：先觉者　出处：《南京师范大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在失去信仰的时代里，鲁迅与卡夫卡通过对自我、苦难和死亡等生存困境的探索，殊途同归地拿起“文学武器”，描绘了人在异化环境中的生存状况，并塑造了一个个重压下的“小人物”形象……鲁迅与卡夫卡之间，并无直接的影响关系，但相似的时代环境、相似的家庭环境、相似的身心疾病，使他们在内在精神上相通且共振。他们的创作展现了社会变革时代，人类与其生存环境的紧张关系，人类的痛苦，和潜藏在心底的巨大的恐惧感和陌生感。他们思索和探寻：社会与个人、存在状态与存在意义、找寻与出路等一系列的终极性问题。鲁迅与卡夫卡对人类深沉的焦虑感、绝望感，使他们把人作为研究社会的对象和目的，抒写了对现实的深切关怀和对人类命运的真诚思考。他们用手中的笔，或揭示人的异化，或揭示异化背景下孤独、渺小的主人公痛苦、混乱、可悲的生存状态，及在非理性世界中的探索与失败。众多重压下的小人物形象，表现了普遍存在的“人的状况”。本文立足于对鲁迅和卡夫卡的作品及相关评论的精读，从共时角度研究并发掘两位作家在写作的实践中，富有共通之处的创作主题和审美特征，，及他们写作意图的相异之处和各自的价值得失。首先，平行比较鲁迅与卡夫卡作品中“小人物”形象——他们的屈服与抗争，他们的希望与绝望。然后，探寻两位大师的创作心理与目的——他们的个性人格差异，及时代社会文化心理的异同。鲁迅的写作是“为人生”的武器；而卡夫卡则从“自我”出发，阐释他对生命潜在矛盾的思考。在比较鲁迅与卡夫卡具体的文学作品和作家创作心理的基础上完成本论文：即在东西方不同的语境下，面对共同的社会和人生问题，拥有相似灵魂，不同生存价值观的两位哲人的思考和结论是如何的和而不同!
[Abstract]:In the age of losing their faith, Lu Xun and Kafka took up the "literary weapon" by exploring the difficulties of existence, such as self, suffering and death, and described the living conditions of human beings in the alienated environment. Lu Xun and Kafka have no direct influence on each other, but similar times, similar family environment, similar physical and mental illness, Their creation shows the times of social change, the tension between human beings and their living environment, the suffering of human beings, They pondered and explored a series of ultimate problems, such as society and individual, state of being and meaning of existence, search and outlet, etc. Lu Xun and Kafka have a deep sense of anxiety and despair towards human beings, which make them regard people as the object and purpose of studying society, and express their deep concern for reality and sincere thinking about the fate of mankind. They use the pen in their hands or reveal the alienation of human beings. Or reveals the loneliness, the tiny protagonist suffering, the confusion, the sad existence state under the alienation background, and the exploration and the failure in the irrational world. Based on the intensive reading of Lu Xun and Kafka's works and related comments, this paper studies and explores the common themes and aesthetic features of the two writers in their writing practice from a synchronic perspective. And the differences between their writing intentions and their respective values. First, a parallel comparison between Lu Xun and Kafka's "little man" images-their submission and struggle, their hope and despair. Then, This paper explores the creative psychology and purpose of the two masters-their personality differences, and the similarities and differences of the social and cultural psychology of the times. Lu Xun's writing is the weapon of "life", while Kafka starts from "self". Explain his thoughts on the potential contradictions of life. On the basis of comparing Lu Xun and Kafka's specific literary works and writers' creative psychology, the thesis is completed: in the different contexts of East and West, in the face of common social and life problems, there are similar souls. The two philosophers of different survival values think and conclude how to be harmonious and different!!!
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

【引证文献】