《乌托邦》与《美丽新世界》：乌托邦文学与反乌托邦文学之比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 04:19

本文选题：乌托邦　切入点：反乌托邦　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在英美文学研究领域,乌托邦文学与反乌托邦文学之研究方兴未艾,不仅如此,关于这二者之比较研究也尚不多见。鉴于此,本文试图以乌托邦文学的代表作托马斯·莫尔的小说《乌托邦》和反乌托邦文学的代表作奥尔德斯·赫胥黎的小说《美丽新世界》为切入点,在探讨两部作品之异同的基础上,论证乌托邦文学与反乌托邦文学的辩证关系。具体而言,本文首先从起源、阶段、定义、代表作家与作品等角度对乌托邦文学和基于前者而生的反乌托邦文学的历史发展进程进行分别梳理。然后分别分析《乌托邦》和《美丽新世界》这两部作品。就《乌托邦》而言,本文着重于乌托邦社会的地域特征、生活工作状态、经济状况以及宗教等方面的研究;就《美丽新世界》而言,本文着重于该小说中针对“乌托邦”这种社会理念所进行的反讽方面的研究,包括家庭理念、情感特征、社会等级与状况、个性、历史、艺术、宗教等内容。此后,本文对比研究了乌托邦与反乌托邦文学之间的关系,主要是针对《美丽新世界》和《乌托邦》之间的解构与被解构关系。最后,本文得出结论,指出两种文学同一性和对立性的关系。二者同一之处在于两种文学都反映了人类对和谐完美社会的向往,都体现出作家对现实社会的反思和忧虑;二者对立之处在于乌托邦文学试图通过消除差异,建立绝对的公平公正来实现美好和谐的社会,可消除差异不可避免会抹杀人性,使整个社会沦为一潭死水;而反乌托邦文学基于乌托邦的理念并结合社会发展的产物来构筑完美社会,通过揭示人性的消亡和社会的弊端将乌托邦转化为反乌托邦的噩梦。本文共分五章。第一章为引言,对国内外研究的现状以及乌托邦文学和反乌托邦文学的内涵以及发展历程做出概述;第二章为针对托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》之研究;第三章为针对奥尔德斯·赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》之研究;第四章为两部小说之对比研究;第五章为结论,指出以《乌托邦》和《美丽新世界》为代表的乌托邦文学和反乌托邦文学之间的辩证关系。
[Abstract]:In the field of British and American literature, the study of Utopian literature and dystopian literature is in the ascendant. This paper attempts to explore the similarities and differences between the two works based on Thomas Moore's novel Utopia and Aldous Huxley's novel the Beautiful New World, which is the masterpiece of dystopian literature. To demonstrate the dialectical relationship between Utopian literature and dystopian literature. The historical development process of Utopian literature and dystopian literature based on the former is combed separately from the angle of representative writers and works. Then the two works, Utopia and Beautiful New World, are analyzed respectively. In the case of Utopia, This paper focuses on the regional characteristics of utopian society, the state of life and work, the economic situation and religion, etc. In the case of the Beautiful New World, This paper focuses on the irony of the "utopia" social concept in the novel, including family concept, emotional characteristics, social class and status, personality, history, art, religion and so on. This paper makes a comparative study of the relationship between Utopia and dystopian literature, mainly focusing on the deconstruction and deconstruction between the Beautiful New World and Utopia. It points out the relationship between the identity and opposites of the two kinds of literature. The similarities between them are that they both reflect the human yearning for a harmonious and perfect society and reflect the writers' reflection and anxiety on the real society. The contradiction between the two is that Utopian literature tries to realize a beautiful and harmonious society by eliminating differences and establishing absolute fairness and justice. The elimination of differences will inevitably wipe out human nature and make the whole society become a pool of stagnant water. The dystopian literature is based on the idea of utopia and combines the product of social development to construct a perfect society. By revealing the demise of human nature and the malpractice of society Utopia is transformed into a dystopian nightmare. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign studies, the connotation and development of Utopian literature and dystopian literature, and the second chapter is the study of Thomas Moore's Utopia; The third chapter is the study of Aldous Huxley's the Beautiful New World; the 4th chapter is the comparative study of the two novels; the 5th chapter is the conclusion. The dialectical relationship between Utopian literature and dystopian literature represented by Utopia and Beautiful New World is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I106.4;I0-03

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