建构抑或解构：对神话原型批评理论的反思

发布时间：2018-04-25 04:31

本文选题：神话原型 + 母题　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：神话是人类文化宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠。对于数万年前，刚刚从混沌蒙昧中走出来的人类祖先来说，神话不啻为他们理解外部世界，解释强大的自然力量的一种思维方式；而对于后世的人们而言，神话不仅仅是祖先认识世界，改造世界的浪漫化记述和描摹，更是千百年来人类文化沉积的果实，深刻的反映了人类普遍的深层思维模式。将神话思维引入文学批评，开始于二十世纪初。文化人类学者们基于人类学和社会学的研究指出了神话和仪式在社会演进和文化形成中起的不可替代的作用，进而指出人类行为中存在一种定式，即神话原型，这种原型不断地出现在文学、艺术作品中。与此同时，以荣格为代表的心理学家则以心理学的研究为根据，从另外一个角度得到了相似的结论，即人类深层心理中存在着某种定式，或原型，而这种原型是通过遗传，与生俱来的，而不是通过社会实践后天习得的。结合以上两种观点，加拿大文学批评家弗莱于二十世纪中叶提出了他的神话原型批评理论。他的理论一方面借鉴了荣格和人类学家的部分概念和理论，，同时又有自己的创见。至此，神话原型批评理论正式形成了。在阅读的过程中，作者发现许多文学批评理论书籍并不把神话原型作为独立的一个章节列出来，而很多情况下，神话原型是作为心理分析理论的一种发展而被探讨的，因此作者萌生了将原型批评作为对象，研究其发展过程和理论构架的念头。本文将讨论神话原型学的历史流变和理论体系，力求做到对该理论达到透彻的解析。
[Abstract]:Myth is a bright pearl in the treasure house of human culture. For human ancestors who emerged from chaos tens of thousands of years ago, mythology is a way of thinking about understanding the outside world and explaining powerful natural forces; for later generations, Mythology is not only the Romantic description and description of the world of the ancestors, but also the fruit of human culture deposition over the centuries, which deeply reflects the deep thinking mode of human being. The introduction of mythical thinking into literary criticism began at the beginning of the twentieth century. Cultural anthropologists based on anthropology and sociology point out the irreplaceable role of myths and rituals in the evolution of society and the formation of culture, and point out that there is a stereotype in human behavior, that is, mythological archetypes. These archetypes continue to appear in literary and artistic works. At the same time, the psychologists, represented by Jung, based on the study of psychology, came to a similar conclusion from another angle, that there exists some kind of stereotype, or archetype, in the deep mind of human beings, which is inherited. Born, not acquired through social practice. Combining the above two views, Canadian literary critic Fry put forward his mythological archetypal criticism theory in the middle of the twentieth century. His theory not only draws lessons from some concepts and theories of Jung and anthropologists, but also has his own ideas. At this point, the mythological archetypal criticism theory was formally formed. In the course of reading, the author finds that many literary criticism books do not list mythological archetypes as an independent chapter, and in many cases, mythological archetypes are discussed as a development of psychoanalytic theory. Therefore, the author takes archetypal criticism as the object and studies its development process and theoretical framework. This paper will discuss the historical evolution and theoretical system of mythological archetypes and strive to achieve a thorough analysis of the theory.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I06

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