外貌描写的叙事语义

发布时间：2018-04-26 04:36

本文选题：外貌 + 叙事　；参考：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2015年06期

【摘要】：外貌描写的叙事语义十分复杂微妙,从功能、修辞、影响与构成等角度分别进行论述。第一,叙述者提供人物外形与相貌方面的信息,主要是为了反映其精神面貌,除了作为"灵魂之窗"的眼睛外,身体的其他部位也有传神拟态的功能。外貌描写理论上应当"神""形"兼备,实际的情况却是"形"淡而"神"浓,即与"形"相关的信息往往失之模糊,而与"神"相关的信息却有清晰释出。第二,外貌描写多以譬喻为修辞手段。动物之名因初民的灵魂转移信仰而被赋予形容词的修饰功能,这一转义从文学角度说具有重大意义,因为它既标示出人物的性格特征,又保持了感性的鲜活,这不啻是为文学发生埋下了最初的种子。汉民族因长期从事农耕而喜用植物譬喻,矿物之中则对玉情有独钟,玉喻的深层成因在于古人对玉之德或者说玉之精神的无限向往。第三,观相理论与文学传统的互渗互动,形成了影响外貌描写的一系列规约,这些规约又与特定的文化有密切关系。如果不懂得某些身体部位的暗示意味,不清楚世界各民族文化传统中的相关规约,对外貌描写的叙事语义很难有透彻的理解。第四,异相的构成规律可归纳为"增减"、"改变"和"混淆"三大类,"大人物"形象的"放大"缘于芸芸众生的匍匐与仰观,而异族外貌的"妖魔化"则出于"非我族类,其貌必异"的歧视性想象。对异相的敬畏并非一成不变,"圣人异相"、"异相异能"等观念在晚近叙事中遭遇严重挑战。
[Abstract]:The narrative semantics of appearance description are very complicated and delicate, which are discussed from the aspects of function, rhetoric, influence and constitution. First, the narrator provides information about the appearance and appearance of the characters, mainly to reflect their mental outlook. In addition to the eyes as the "window of the soul", other parts of the body also have the function of evoking mimicry. The description of appearance should have both "God" and "form" in theory, but the actual situation is that "form" is light and "spirit" thick, that is, the information related to "form" is often lost, but the information related to "God" is clearly explained. Secondly, metaphor is the rhetorical device in the description of appearance. The name of an animal is endowed with the modifier function of adjectives because of the transference of the soul of the early people. This meaning is of great significance from the literary point of view, because it not only indicates the character characteristics of the characters, but also keeps the sensual freshness. This is to bury the first seed for the occurrence of literature. Han people like to use plant metaphors because they have been engaged in farming for a long time, but in minerals they have a special love for jade. The deep cause of jade metaphor lies in the ancients' boundless yearning for jade virtue or the spirit of jade. Thirdly, the interaction between the theory of phase view and the literary tradition forms a series of rules that influence the description of appearance, which are closely related to the specific culture. It is difficult to understand the narrative semantics of the description of appearance if we do not understand the implication of some body parts and the relevant rules in the cultural traditions of all nationalities in the world. Fourthly, the formation law of different forms can be summed up as "increase or decrease", "change" and "confusion" as three categories. The "enlargement" of the image of "big man" stems from the common people's prostrate and worship view, while the "demonization" of the appearance of the alien is out of "non-self". Its appearance must be different "discriminatory imagination." The reverence for different forms is not fixed. The concepts of "sage and dissimilarity" and "different forms and abilities" meet serious challenges in the recent narration.
【作者单位】：江西省哲学社会科学重点基地江西师范大学叙事学研究中心;江西师范大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“听觉叙事研究”(13AZW003)
【分类号】：I045

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