安德森与沈从文“小镇情结”比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 04:25

本文选题：舍伍德·安德森 + 沈从文　；参考：《华中师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 安德森和沈从文，两位经过文学史重新审视与考量的作家，在现代文学史上占据着重要地位。两位作家都是小镇出身，中途都放弃了自己既定的生活道路，自觉走上了文学之路。他们青年离开家乡，投入到繁华的城市中。但是城市生活并没有给他们想象中的自由与解放，相反，他们与城市生活格格不入。对城市的失望与困惑使他们在小镇的回忆中寻找慰藉与寄托。这在他们作品上的反映就是“小镇情结”，即作品以小镇为背景，讲述小镇人的精神生活，以及小镇的文化和美，并以此表达出作者对小镇的情感与看法。对安德森与沈从文的研究涉及各个方面，但多集中在对其作品主题的探究上，真正涉及到“小镇情结”的研究并不多。然而，“小镇情结”在他们作品中有集中的体现，也是两位作家明显的写作特征。因此，为了研究“小镇情结”这种独特的心理取向，以及两位作家的寻根行为，我们就要回到安德森与沈从文本身，研究他们的精神还乡之路。本论文第一部分是提出“小镇情结”这个主题。文章首先指出两位作家都经历了“乡村反叛”的阶段，有着自觉离开小镇，进入城市的经历。在此基础上，文章进一步指出了他们创作中的小镇倾向性。以成名作《小镇畸人》与《边城》为例，虽然两部小说都是在城市中完成，但都不约而同以小镇为主题，体现了他们在城市中的精神还乡之旅。第二部分对“小镇情结”的形成原因与发展阶段加以详细阐释，希望以此加深对“小镇情结”的理解。文章从三个方面分析了“小镇情结”形成的原因：他们独特的从“大书”到“小书”的教育经历使小镇生活在他们的记忆中难以磨灭；另外，城市生活的挫折使他们把小镇生活的回忆当作抒解郁闷与压力的管道；最后，两位作家都身处社会转型之中，亲眼目睹了工业社会对传统生活与人性的巨大影响，只能在对小镇的追忆中表达自己的遗憾。在此基础上，文章讨论了“小镇情结”发展的三个阶段。首先是“理想的乐园”，在这一阶段，两位作家都构筑了想象中的小镇，并把它作为城市的对立面来描绘。小镇的美丽和谐，小镇人的纯朴善良是经常体现的主题，然而，此时的小镇，更多是作为心理上的虚构，并不是真实小镇的反映。第二个阶段是“失衡的争斗”，在此阶段，两位作者都受到了城市中理性因素的影响，尤其是“芝加哥文艺复兴”与“新文化运动”使他们分别逐渐摆脱了最初的直觉思考阶段，开始有了理性的思维。另外，工业社会所带来的人性缺失，传统生活方式的改变也给了两位作者很深的感触。因此，他们对小镇的认识变得逐渐现实起来。第三个阶段是“批判的反思”，在这一阶段，他们认识到现代工业社会的两面性，也开始将这种认识反映在作品中。小镇不再是完美无缺的，它同样也受到了现代文明的影响，小镇也会有人性堕落的时候，此时的“小镇情结”更加理性与现实。第三部分是对安德森与沈从文“小镇情结”的比较。两位作家有很多相同点，也有不同点，文章从三个方面进行了比较。首先，两位作家始终在直觉世界与理性世界中挣扎。在挣扎的过程中，他们的共同点是更专注于描写，而很少加入价值判断，而不同点是安德森的主题是爱的丧失与异化，而沈从文则毫无疑问描绘了人性中的美，和人与自然的和谐。其次，在人性观上，两位作家都反对人性恶的一面，并且都真实地面对生活，而不同点是安德森有着弗洛伊德色彩，他的人性观相当开放，甚至是在对待性的问题上。而沈从文则用一种更自觉地方式将他对人性的关怀扩展到小镇里的各色人物。最后，在写作态度问题上，他们都崇尚精神自由，关心民族的命运，也都追求思维独立，不受主流思想的影响。不同点是他们继承了不同的文化遗产，而且，作为中国的知识分子，沈从文还要抵抗政治因素的影响，坚持自己的文学创作观点。文章的最后一个部分分析了两位作家矛盾的文学表现。在“小镇情结”的影响下，乐观与悲观，怀旧与现实，偶然观与必然观并存。首先，他们对待生与死的态度和对待物质实现的态度都体现了乐观与悲观并存的特点。然后，，对小镇美景的描述，对马文化、沙龙文化和各种传统习俗的描述体现了他们的思乡情，然而，对待小镇的变化，他们又是现实的。最后，偶然与必然的并存可以从人物命运的处理上的到证实。文章的结论是安德森与沈从文的“小镇情结”体现了他们对小镇的独特感悟。他们笔下的小镇并不是独立的，而同时也是整个社会发展的反映。
[Abstract]:Anderson and Shen Congwen, two writers who have been reexamined and examined in the history of literature, occupy an important position in the history of modern literature. Both of the two writers are the origins of the small town. All of them give up their own path of life and consciously walk on the road of literature. Their young people leave their hometown and put into a prosperous city. But the city life is not. On the contrary, they are incompatible with urban life. On the contrary, they are disappointing with urban life. The disappointments and puzzles of the city make them find consolation and consolation in the memories of the town. Beauty and express the author's feelings and opinions about the town.
The research on Anderson and Shen Congwen involves various aspects, but the research on the theme of his works is mostly concentrated on the "small town complex". However, the "small town complex" has a concentrated expression in their works and the obvious writing characteristics of the two writers. The special psychological orientation and the seeking behavior of the two writers, we must return to Anderson and Shen Congwen, and study their spiritual return road.
The first part of this paper is the theme of the "town complex". The article first points out that the two writers have experienced the stage of "rural rebellion", with the experience of consciously leaving the town and entering the city. On this basis, the article further points out the tendency of the small towns in their creation. However, the two novels are completed in the city, but they invariably take the town as the theme, reflecting their spiritual return journey in the city.
The second part gives a detailed explanation of the formation and development stage of the "town complex", hoping to deepen the understanding of the "town complex". The article analyses the reasons for the formation of "small town complex" from three aspects: their unique educational experience from "great books" to "small books" makes it difficult for the town to live in their memory. In addition, the frustration of urban life made them regard the memories of town life as a pipeline to express depression and pressure; finally, the two writers were in social transformation, witnessing the great influence of industrial society on traditional life and human nature, and only expressing their regrets in the memory of the small town.
On this basis, the article discusses the three stages of the development of the "town complex". First, the "ideal paradise". At this stage, the two writers have constructed the imaginary town and depicted it as the opposite of the city. The beautiful harmony of the small town, the simple and simple kindness of the small town people, are the main themes, however, the town at this time, More as a Psychological fiction, it is not a reflection of a real town. The second stage is an "unbalance struggle". At this stage, the two authors are influenced by the rational factors in the city, especially the "Chicago Renaissance" and "the new cultural movement" that gradually broke away from the initial stage of intuition. There is a rational thinking. In addition, the lack of human nature in the industrial society and the change of the traditional way of life have also deeply touched the two authors. Therefore, their understanding of the town is becoming more realistic. The third stage is a "critical reflection". At this stage, he realized that the dual nature of modern industrial society began. This knowledge is reflected in the work. The small town is no longer perfect, it is also influenced by modern civilization, and the small town will have the depravity of human nature, and the "town complex" is more rational and realistic.
The third part is the comparison of the "town complex" between Anderson and Shen Congwen. There are many similarities and differences between the two writers. The article is compared from three aspects. First, the two writers struggle in the intuitive world and the rational world. In the struggle, their common point is to focus more on the description, and rarely join the value. To judge, the difference is that Anderson's theme is the loss of love and alienation, while Shen Congwen has no doubt about the beauty of human nature and the harmony between man and nature. Secondly, on the view of human nature, the two writers oppose the evil side of human nature and face life in real terms, and the difference is that Anderson has Freud color and his human nature. The view is quite open and even on the question of sex. And Shen Congwen extends his concern for human nature to all kinds of people in a small town with a more conscious local style. Finally, on the issue of writing attitude, they all advocate spiritual freedom, concern for the fate of the nation, and pursue independent thinking and are not influenced by the mainstream thought. Different points are They inherit different cultural heritages, and, as Chinese intellectuals, Shen Congwen has to resist the influence of political factors and insist on his own viewpoint of literary creation.
The last part of the article analyzes the contradictory literary performance of the two writers. Under the influence of "small town complex", optimism and pessimism, nostalgia and reality, coincidence and inevitability coexist. First, their attitude to life and death and the attitude towards material realization both reflect the coexistence of the view of happiness and pessimism. Then, the beautiful scenery of the small town. Description, the description of horse culture, salon culture and various traditional customs embodies their homesickness. However, they are realistic in the small town changes. Finally, the coexistence of chance and necessity can be confirmed from the handling of the fate of the characters.
The conclusion of the article is that the "town complex" of Anderson and Shen Congwen embodies their unique perception of the small town. Their small town is not independent, but also a reflection of the social development as a whole.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

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