从操纵理论看《黑奴吁天录》与《汤姆大伯的小屋》

发布时间：2018-05-25 19:14

本文选题：操纵理论 + 意识形态　；参考：《南京农业大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 传统的翻译理论偏重研究语言转换过程中意义的精确传达,认为翻译的首要标准是忠实于原文。而从上世纪七十年代起翻译研究开始出现文化转向。翻译被置于更为广泛的政治,社会,历史与文化语境之中,从而拓宽了翻译学的研究领域。影响翻译活动的外部因素得到关注。任何译者,在任何时代对任何文本的翻译都无法摆脱当时社会文化环境的影响。 AndréLefevere提出的操纵理论是翻译研究文化学派中的一种著名理论。AndréLefevere认为,在翻译过程中,翻译受到三种因素的操纵:意识形态、诗学观和赞助人。意识形态是一个重要的因素,它对主题的选择、翻译方法的运用、以及细节的处理都产生着巨大的影响。诗学作为一个社会文学标准的总和,对翻译中语言的运用起着至关重要的作用。而赞助人,则通过意识形态对翻译的出版和发行起到重要的作用。同为Uncle Tom's Cabin的中文译本,《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》产生于不同的历史环境中,不仅译者所采取的翻译策略、翻译语言有着很大的差异,其产生的社会作用也不相同。本文以AndréLefevere的操纵理论为基础,对《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》进行研究,通过分析译者对源文本的选择、译者翻译策略的取舍以及最后文本的发行情况,探究译入语文化中的意识形态、诗学以及赞助人在文学翻译过程中的制约和操纵作用。本文采用描述翻译学研究方法,首先介绍了原文本Uncle Tom's Cabin、两个中译本《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》以及国内外对这两个译本的研究情况。接着具体阐释Lefevere的操纵理论以及对翻译施加影响的三要素:意识形态、诗学和赞助人。然后对这两个中译本进行比较,通过分析具体实例研究林纾和黄继忠各自所处时代的意识形态,诗学以及赞助人对译本的形成有着什么样的作用。在意识形态部分,首先分析了林纾和黄继忠所处社会的主导意识形态,然后分析他们不同的翻译目的和翻译策略是否受到意识形态的影响。通过研究林纾和黄继忠对源文本中关于宗教、道德观念和政治因素的翻译,本文发现他们在译本翻译过程中采取了不同的翻译策略,而正是意识形态决定了他们的翻译目的和翻译策略。在诗学部分,通过对两个译者所处社会的诗学和具体的翻译实例进行分析,发现林纾和黄继忠在语言风格的选取,翻译情节和人物塑造以及译本的风格受到其所处社会主导诗学的影响,两个译者采用了不同的语言风格,对情节和人物进行了重新塑造来迎合读者。最后分析了两个译本中的赞助人因素,得出赞助人在促进或阻止文本发行方面有十分重要的作用。译本的命运实际上也受到赞助人的操控。因此,通过《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》进行对比和研究,很多从语言层面对比解决不了的问题找到了答案。翻译是一种有目的的对源文本的操纵。不同时期的译者在翻译同一作品时不可避免的受到其所处社会的意识形态、诗学和赞助人的影响。为了达到自己的翻译目的,使翻译文本能够顺利到达读者,译者必须采用其意识形态、诗学以及赞助人允许的策略来翻译源文本。这也就解释了同一作品为什么在不同的时期会有不同的译本出现。
[Abstract]:The traditional translation theory emphasizes the precise transmission of meaning in the process of language conversion. It is believed that the first standard of translation is to be faithful to the original text. From the 70s of the last century, translation studies began to turn into a cultural turn. Translation has been placed in a more extensive political, social, historical and cultural context, thus broadening the study of translation studies. The external factors that affect translation activities are concerned. Any translator, in any era, can not translate any text from the social and cultural environment at that time.
The manipulation theory proposed by Andr e Lefevere is a famous theory in the Cultural School of translation studies,.Andr e Lefevere that translation is manipulated by three factors in the process of Translation: ideology, poetics and patrons. Ideology is an important factor, its choice of themes, the use of translation methods, and details. The sum of the poetics, as a sum of social and literary standards, plays a vital role in the use of language in translation. And the sponsors play an important role in the publication and distribution of translation by ideology. The Chinese version of Uncle Tom's Cabin, "black slave Tian Lu" and "Tom's great uncle's house > production" In a different historical environment, not only the translation strategies adopted by the translator, the translation language has a great difference, and the social role it produces is different. Based on the manipulation theory of Andr e Lefevere, this paper studies the "black slave Tian Lu" and "Tom's great uncle's house >" by analyzing the translator's choice of the source text and translators' translation. The choice of the strategy and the distribution of the final text to explore the ideology, poetics and the control and manipulation of the patron in the process of literary translation.
Using the method of descriptive translation studies, this paper first introduces the original Uncle Tom's Cabin, the two Chinese versions < black slave Tian Lu > and < Tom's dash house > as well as the study of the two translations both at home and abroad. Then, it explains the manipulation theory of Lefevere and the three elements that influence translation: ideology, poetics and sponsorship. Then, the two Chinese versions are compared, and through the analysis of the specific examples, the ideology of Lin Shu and Huang Jizhong's respective times, poetics and the sponsors have a role in the formation of the translation. In the ideological part, the dominant ideology of Lin Shu and Huang's society is analyzed, and then they are analyzed. Different translation purposes and translation strategies are influenced by ideology. Through the study of Lin Shu and Huang Jizhong's translation of religious, moral and political factors in the source text, this paper finds that they have adopted different translation strategies in the translation process, and it is the ideology that determines their translation purposes and translations. In the poetics part, through the analysis of the poetics and specific translation examples of the two translators in the society, we find that Lin Shu and Huang Jizhong are influenced by their social dominant poetics in the choice of language style, translation plot and characterization and the style of the translation, and the two translators adopt different language styles, plot and The characters are remolded to cater to the readers. Finally, the sponsor factors in the two translations are analyzed, and the sponsors play a very important role in promoting or preventing text distribution. The fate of the translation is actually controlled by the sponsors.
Therefore, through the comparison and study of "black slave Tian Lu" and "Tom's house", many questions that are not solved at the language level are found. Translation is a purposeful manipulation of the source text. Translators of different periods are inevitably subject to the ideology of their society, poetics and the same work in the translation of the same work. In order to achieve the purpose of translation and make the translation text reach the reader smoothly, the translator must adopt its ideology, poetics and the strategy of patron's permission to translate the source text. This also explains why the same works appear in different translations at different times.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I046;H315.9

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