中国古典诗歌的可译性及其局限

发布时间：2018-05-25 22:16

本文选题：中国古典诗歌 + 翻译　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 诗歌是文学的最高形式。中国古典诗歌以其精炼的语言，深刻的内容，丰富的意象，强烈的感情，以及鲜明的节奏和韵律吸引了无数中外读者。而诗歌的翻译一直以来是一个颇有争议的问题。许多语言学家、诗人甚至翻译家不赞成诗歌的翻译，认为诗歌的翻译是不可能的，甚至不应当进行诗歌的翻译。但同时又有很多的翻译家进行诗歌翻译的尝试，并且成功地翻译出了很多优秀的诗歌。本文探讨的就是中国古典诗歌是否可译及其可译限度的问题。本文分为六个部分。首先是绪论，介绍了诗歌翻译的重要性以及目前此领域的研究情况。正文第一章解释了诗歌的定义，并且从语法，音韵和意象等方面分析了汉语和英语诗歌的不同。从语法上讲，汉语古典诗歌语法灵活，而英语诗歌严谨；从音韵上讲，，汉诗和英诗压韵的方法有很大区别。汉语诗歌主要依靠平仄，尾韵以及对偶来实现诗歌的音美，而英语诗歌主要依靠的是重音，音步等；从意象上讲，汉诗强调抽象而英诗注重写实。第二章是本文的理论基础。首先是介绍了基本的翻译原则，再介绍了诗歌翻译的具体原则，重点比较了许渊冲和刘重德的诗歌翻译理论。通过比较，说明刘重德的“信、达、切”原则是诗歌翻译的基本原则，许渊冲的“三美”原则是译者们需要追求的理想境界，但是本文作者觉得许渊冲的“新译论”过于强调译者的创造性而忽视了诗歌翻译需要忠实于原文的基本原则。第三章先是从语言与文化的关系，人类的情感反应和文化交流三方面阐述了可译性的依据，然后又从意象和风格这两方面通过大量实例证明诗歌是可译的，并且给出了具体的意象和风格翻译的方法。第四章先是阐述了诗歌翻译在文化方面的一些障碍，比如典故，社会风俗，自然环境以及审美观的差异。然后又从语言的角度指出了古典汉语诗歌英译的一些困难，汉语和中国文化的独特性给诗歌翻译带来了很大困难。最后，作者指出古典汉语诗歌是可以翻译的，只是这个可译也是有局限的。由于语言和文化的差异，不可避免地存在着一些障碍。因此，本文作者认为中国译者在中文修养和中国文化方面占有一定优势，因此能更好的理解把握原诗的深刻内涵，但在驾驭英语的能力方面，母语为英语的外国译者又会占上风，因此，对于中国古诗的英译，中外译者合作是比较理想的方式。
[Abstract]:Poetry is the highest form of literature. With its refined language, profound content, rich images, strong feelings, and distinct rhythm and rhythm, Chinese classical poetry has attracted countless Chinese and foreign readers. The translation of poetry has always been a controversial issue. Many linguists, poets and even translators disapprove of poetry translation, and think that poetry translation is impossible or even should not be translated. But at the same time, many translators try to translate poetry and successfully translate many excellent poems. This paper discusses whether Chinese classical poetry is translatable and its translatability limits. This paper is divided into six parts. First of all, the introduction introduces the importance of poetry translation and the current research situation in this field. The first chapter explains the definition of poetry, and analyzes the differences between Chinese and English poetry from the aspects of grammar, phonology and imagery. Grammatically speaking, Chinese classical poetry is flexible in grammar, while English poetry is rigorous. In terms of phonology, there are great differences between Chinese poetry and English poetry in rhyming. Chinese poetry mainly relies on the level, ending rhyme and duality to realize the beauty of poetry, while English poetry mainly relies on stress, phonetic step, etc. From the image point of view, Chinese poetry emphasizes abstraction and English poetry emphasizes realism. The second chapter is the theoretical basis of this paper. First, it introduces the basic translation principles, and then introduces the specific principles of poetry translation, focusing on the comparison of Xu Yuanchong and Liu Chongde's poetry translation theory. Through comparison, it is shown that Liu Chongde's principle of "letter, achievement and cut" is the basic principle of poetry translation, and that Xu Yuanchong's "three beauties" principle is the ideal realm that translators should pursue. However, the author thinks that Xu Yuanchong's "New Translation Theory" emphasizes the translator's creativity and neglects the basic principle that poetry translation needs to be faithful to the original text. The third chapter first expounds the basis of translatability from the three aspects of the relationship between language and culture, human emotional reaction and cultural exchange, and then proves that poetry is translatable through a large number of examples from the aspects of image and style. The methods of image and style translation are also given. The fourth chapter first discusses some cultural barriers to poetry translation, such as allusions, social customs, natural environment and aesthetic differences. Then it points out some difficulties in translating classical Chinese poetry from a linguistic point of view. The uniqueness of Chinese and Chinese culture brings great difficulties to the translation of poetry. Finally, the author points out that classical Chinese poetry can be translated, but this translatability is also limited. Due to linguistic and cultural differences, there are inevitably some obstacles. Therefore, the author believes that Chinese translators have some advantages in Chinese cultivation and Chinese culture, so they can better understand and grasp the profound connotation of the original poem, but in the ability to master English. Foreign translators whose mother tongue is English will gain the upper hand. Therefore, Chinese and foreign translators' cooperation is an ideal way to translate ancient Chinese poetry into English.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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