论韦勒克的文学批评观

发布时间：2018-10-30 14:33

【摘要】：韦勒克以其丰富的学术著作而蜚声学界，本论文旨在对韦勒克的文学批评观做系统性探讨，包括概念论、本体论和发展论三个部分。首先是概念论，指韦勒克关于文学术语或概念重要性的认识。二十世纪以来西方文学批评，在科学主义和人本主义两大哲学思潮影响下更加多元。批评术语的增多及术语的含混性引起韦勒克注意。他在“透视主义”指导下界定“文学批评”的基本内涵，具体语境的运用则造成批评的多义性。韦勒克对歌德“浪漫的、古典的”、詹姆斯的“有机形式”等概念的界定就体现了这一方法的运用。其次是本体论，，指韦勒克关于文学作品存在方式的认识，以及如何认识文学作品的提议。韦勒克对巴赫金“复调”说、勃兰兑斯传记写作等的批判，表明他坚持的是本体批评。在韦勒克看来，文学作品是一种经验性的客体。它不是一部具体作品，而是一种理想的抽象客体。文学作品是多层面结构，符号、价值、结构形成文学作品的三个方面。韦勒克反对印象主义批评法和实证主义批评法造成的批评的绝对主义或相对主义，“透视主义”才是正确的解决方法。“透视主义”将文学作品以外关系淡化，容易造成韦勒克反对因果关系的印象。最后是发展论，指韦勒克关于文学批评如何发展的认识。批评的发展需要借鉴前人的理论，韦勒克自己也是这样做的。拓展文学批评的领域，如文学史、比较文学和文学批评史等方面，有助于推动整个的文学研究。批评主体是批评活动的实践者，批评主体的整体素质关乎文学批评的健康发展。以优秀的马里奥·普拉兹为例，韦勒克就提高文学批评者的综合素养提出建议。在“透视主义”的观照下，以本体论为中心，与概念论、发展论构成韦勒克文学批评观的统一体，它们密切联系，不可或缺。韦勒克值得再去深入思考与研究。
[Abstract]:Wellerk is famous for his rich academic works. This thesis aims to make a systematic study of Willerk's view of literary criticism, including conceptual theory, ontology and development theory. The first is conceptualism, which refers to Willerk's understanding of the importance of literary terms or concepts. Since the 20th century, western literary criticism has become more pluralistic under the influence of two philosophical trends of scientism and humanism. The increasing number of critical terms and the vagueness of the terms attracted Willerk's attention. Under the guidance of "perspective doctrine", he defines the basic connotation of "literary criticism", and the application of concrete context leads to the polysemy of criticism. Weller's definition of Goethe's "romantic, classical" and James's "organic form" embodies the application of this method. The second is ontology, which refers to Willerk's understanding of the way literary works exist, and how to understand literary works. Wellek's critique of Bakhtin's polyphony shows that he insists on ontological criticism. In Willerk's view, literature is an empirical object. It is not a concrete work, but an ideal abstract object. Literary works are three aspects of literary works: multi-level structure, symbol, value and structure. Wellek opposes the absolutism or relativism of criticism caused by impressionist criticism and positivist criticism, and "perspective" is the correct solution. "Perspectivism" weakens the relationship between literary works and easily creates the impression that Willerk opposes causality. Finally, the theory of development refers to Willerk's understanding of how literary criticism develops. The development of criticism needs to draw lessons from previous theories, and Willerk himself has done the same. Expanding the field of literary criticism, such as literary history, comparative literature and literary criticism history, will help to promote the whole literary research. The subject of criticism is the practitioner of criticism, and the whole quality of the subject of criticism is related to the healthy development of literary criticism. In the case of the excellent Mario Plates, Willerk offers advice on improving the overall literacy of literary critics. Under the perspective of "perspective doctrine", with ontology as the center and concept theory, development theory forms the unity of Willerk's literary criticism, which is closely linked and indispensable. Willerk deserves further thought and research.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I06

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