论赛义德的民族文化观
发布时间：2018-12-14 13:31
【摘要】： 民族文化观是赛义德后殖民理论的组成部分。福柯的权力话语理论、葛兰西的文化霸权理论和法农的民族文化论述是民族文化观主要的理论渊源。福柯强调权力同知识的关系,对于知识的客观性做了批判。他的“权力分析法”为赛义德民族文化观通过边缘话语的分析,去揭露西方国家文化霸权的实质开辟了新的思路。葛兰西对于民族文化观影响甚深的是他提出“文化霸权”概念。文化霸权,就是在资本主义统治中,文化领域的控制具有重要地位,而且,统治者对文化和思想领域的全面控制,不是通过强制而是通过被统治者的自觉认同来实现的。法农强调民族文化,对殖民主义的文化和种族主义的文化抱有相当的警惕性。他从民族主义的视角,提出了进行反抗斗争的可行性,对殖民主义的压迫进行淋漓尽致的揭露,并提出反抗这种殖民统治的主体是贫苦的农民,是处于边缘地区的黑人。只有斗争和塑造新的民族文化,才能使第三世界的民族文化摆脱殖民主义的控制,而获得自己的新生。 东方主义是建立赛义德民族文化观的一块基石。东方主义话语触及到当今世界政治、经济、文化和意识形态冲突中的诸多问题,有强烈的意识形态色彩和政治批判性,批判锋芒直指西方文化霸权主义和强权政治,揭露强势民族文化对弱势民族文化的侵略。赛义德认为民族文化一旦某个时候被民族或国家利用,就不再温文尔雅,而是一副狰狞面孔。西方民族与非西方民族、西方文化与非西方文化是绝对的,反帝国主义就是本民族的人民和文化反对西方人和西方文化。赛义德主张民族文化抵抗运动应明显地脱离民族主义,批评了民族文化抵抗中偏执的民族主义意识,倡导自由主义者的民族文化解放运动,趋向于人类社会与人类解放的更加统一。赛义德的民族文化观并不是简单地用东方文化来反对西方文化,他更强调东西方文化的相互交流和多元共存。他在分析非殖民化中的文化抵抗时,主张打通东西方民族文化间的藩篱,实现东西文化的共荣共生、平等对话,并用“共同文化”激进又恰当地表达了民族文化之间的联系。赛义德反对西方文化霸权,批评狭隘的民族主义,坚持民族文化的多元与共生,其实是在做一种重构世界文化秩序的努力。知识分子是民族文化的代言人。有必要在现今世俗世界中具备赛义德所倡导的那种积极的流放者意识,业余者态度,以普适的标准,超越狭隘的视野,焕发当代知识分子的时代精神。在现实生活中,不被物质主义、技术主义、功利主义所左右,要保持应有的道德良知,大胆批判,积极入世,担负起现时代赋予的历史重任,为积极推进民族文化建设做出不可磨灭的贡献。 通过对民族文化观的研究和剖析,我们理清了其总体内容和实质,赛义德对民族文化
[Abstract]:The concept of national culture is a component of the post-colonial theory of said. Foucault's theory of power discourse, Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony and Fannon's discussion of national culture are the main theoretical sources of the concept of national culture. Foucault emphasized the relationship between power and knowledge and criticized the objectivity of knowledge. His "power analysis method" opens up a new way for Saeed's national cultural view to expose the essence of cultural hegemony in western countries through the analysis of marginal discourse. Gramsci has a profound influence on the concept of cultural hegemony. Cultural hegemony is in the capitalist rule, the cultural domain control has the important position, moreover, the ruler's overall control over the culture and the thought domain, not through the compulsion but through the ruler's conscious identity to realize. Fannon emphasized national culture and was alert to the culture of colonialism and racism. From the perspective of nationalism, he put forward the feasibility of fighting against colonialism, exposing the oppression of colonialism incisively and vividly, and pointed out that the subject of resistance to this colonial rule was poor peasants and black people in marginal areas. Only by fighting and shaping the new national culture can the national culture of the third world get rid of the control of colonialism and gain its own new life. Orientalism is one of the cornerstones of the establishment of the national cultural view of said. The oriental discourse touches on many problems in the conflicts of politics, economy, culture and ideology in the world today. It has strong ideological color and political criticism, and criticizes directly the western cultural hegemonism and power politics. To expose the invasion of strong national culture to the weak national culture. Said thought that once the national culture is used by the nation or the state at some time, it is no longer gentle and elegant, but a ferocious face. Western nation and non-western nation, western culture and non-western culture are absolute, anti-imperialism is the people and culture of their own nation against western and western culture. Said advocated that the movement of national cultural resistance should be obviously divorced from nationalism, criticized the paranoia of nationalism in national cultural resistance, and advocated the national cultural liberation movement of liberals. Tend to human society and human liberation more unified. Said's view of national culture is not simply to use oriental culture to oppose western culture, but to emphasize the mutual exchange and pluralistic coexistence of eastern and western cultures. In his analysis of the cultural resistance in decolonization, he advocated to break through the barriers between the cultures of the East and the West, to realize the co-prosperity and symbiosis of the eastern and western cultures, to have an equal dialogue, and to express the links between the national cultures in a radical and appropriate way with "common culture". Said opposed to western cultural hegemony, criticized narrow nationalism and insisted on pluralism and symbiosis of national culture. In fact, he was making an effort to reconstruct the world cultural order. Intellectuals are the spokesmen of national culture. It is necessary to have the positive exile consciousness and amateur attitude advocated by said in the present secular world. In real life, we should not be influenced by materialism, technicalism, and utilitarianism. We should maintain our due moral conscience, be bold in criticizing, actively join the WTO, and shoulder the historical responsibility entrusted by the present era. To actively promote the national cultural construction made indelible contribution. Through the research and analysis of the concept of national culture, we have clarified its overall content and essence, and said to the national culture.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0
[Abstract]:The concept of national culture is a component of the post-colonial theory of said. Foucault's theory of power discourse, Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony and Fannon's discussion of national culture are the main theoretical sources of the concept of national culture. Foucault emphasized the relationship between power and knowledge and criticized the objectivity of knowledge. His "power analysis method" opens up a new way for Saeed's national cultural view to expose the essence of cultural hegemony in western countries through the analysis of marginal discourse. Gramsci has a profound influence on the concept of cultural hegemony. Cultural hegemony is in the capitalist rule, the cultural domain control has the important position, moreover, the ruler's overall control over the culture and the thought domain, not through the compulsion but through the ruler's conscious identity to realize. Fannon emphasized national culture and was alert to the culture of colonialism and racism. From the perspective of nationalism, he put forward the feasibility of fighting against colonialism, exposing the oppression of colonialism incisively and vividly, and pointed out that the subject of resistance to this colonial rule was poor peasants and black people in marginal areas. Only by fighting and shaping the new national culture can the national culture of the third world get rid of the control of colonialism and gain its own new life. Orientalism is one of the cornerstones of the establishment of the national cultural view of said. The oriental discourse touches on many problems in the conflicts of politics, economy, culture and ideology in the world today. It has strong ideological color and political criticism, and criticizes directly the western cultural hegemonism and power politics. To expose the invasion of strong national culture to the weak national culture. Said thought that once the national culture is used by the nation or the state at some time, it is no longer gentle and elegant, but a ferocious face. Western nation and non-western nation, western culture and non-western culture are absolute, anti-imperialism is the people and culture of their own nation against western and western culture. Said advocated that the movement of national cultural resistance should be obviously divorced from nationalism, criticized the paranoia of nationalism in national cultural resistance, and advocated the national cultural liberation movement of liberals. Tend to human society and human liberation more unified. Said's view of national culture is not simply to use oriental culture to oppose western culture, but to emphasize the mutual exchange and pluralistic coexistence of eastern and western cultures. In his analysis of the cultural resistance in decolonization, he advocated to break through the barriers between the cultures of the East and the West, to realize the co-prosperity and symbiosis of the eastern and western cultures, to have an equal dialogue, and to express the links between the national cultures in a radical and appropriate way with "common culture". Said opposed to western cultural hegemony, criticized narrow nationalism and insisted on pluralism and symbiosis of national culture. In fact, he was making an effort to reconstruct the world cultural order. Intellectuals are the spokesmen of national culture. It is necessary to have the positive exile consciousness and amateur attitude advocated by said in the present secular world. In real life, we should not be influenced by materialism, technicalism, and utilitarianism. We should maintain our due moral conscience, be bold in criticizing, actively join the WTO, and shoulder the historical responsibility entrusted by the present era. To actively promote the national cultural construction made indelible contribution. Through the research and analysis of the concept of national culture, we have clarified its overall content and essence, and said to the national culture.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0
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