从西方科幻小说看中国同类作品的困境与发展

发布时间：2018-12-31 09:25

【摘要】：科幻小说是大众文学中一个重要的文类，它关注科学进步给人类带来的巨大影响。与其它文类相比，科幻小说呈现出自己与众不同的个性。相对于主流文学，它保持着天马行空的想象以及自由的书写方式；较之于其它的大众文类，它又通过其形象的塑造与故事的讲述，体现出更多对于现实问题的思索。在严肃文学与通俗文学界限逐渐模糊的今天，科幻小说成为二者融通的最佳体现者。这是一种能够激发人们对未来与科学的兴趣、让人心胸开阔的文类，是人类深层的探索心理的外在体现。中国科幻小说的创作是在西方科幻小说影响下产生的，迄今已经走过整整百年历程，现在正处于从萧条到繁荣、从单一到多样的现代转型的十字路口。伴随着科幻小说创作上的发展与读者群的增多，相应的理论研究却显得颇为滞后，科幻小说及其研究在中国始终处于边缘化的地位。已有的零星评论，也多集中于具体作品的分析，缺少一种宏观意识。因此，，本论文从“现代性”的角度出发，以西方同类作品作为背景和参照，对中国科幻小说的发展与困境做了总体观照。现代性与科幻小说有着不可分割的关系。特别是在中国，独特的时代语境及现代性诉求，使科幻小说的创作一开始便带上了启蒙与救亡色彩，从而在一定程度上限制了它的发展。论文在此基础上对中西科幻小说进行了比较：中西科幻小说呈现出怎样的不同面貌?其背后的深层原因是什么?中国的科幻小说如何走出具有自己特色的道路?科幻小说在未来的发展中面临着怎样的机遇与挑战?此类问题的探讨在明晰科幻小说发展中的一些问题方面，应该说具有一定的现实意义。论文主要包括以下内容：第一章是对科幻小说界说及生发语境的论述，其中涉及了科幻小说的定义、功能、发展脉络，并引入了“现代性”作为论文的理论构架，述及了现代性与科幻小说的密切关系；第二章为中西科幻小说的比较分析，对中国科幻小说这一从西方引进的文类在中国所呈现的不同风貌进行了阐述，并从几个角度分析了这些不同背后的原因；第三章由上述分析得出结论——中西科幻小说都与现代性有着密切的联系，特别是中国，现代性的复杂性、未完成性及审美现代性的缺乏，直接影响了中国科幻小说的创作和发展；反过来，中国科幻小说的发展与困境也验证了现代性在中国的先天不足，中西方科幻小说的差异有着其深刻的文化、历史与现实原因。在此结论上对科幻小说的未来发展进行了展望，并对中国科幻小说如何写出自己的特色进行了探讨，以开放式结尾作为论文的结束。
[Abstract]:Science fiction is an important literary category in popular literature. It pays close attention to the great influence of scientific progress on mankind. Compared with other literary genres, science fiction presents its own distinctive personality. Compared with the mainstream literature, it keeps its imagination and free writing. Compared with other popular languages, it reflects more thoughts on practical problems through its image shaping and story telling. With the blurring of the boundary between serious literature and popular literature, science fiction becomes the best embodiment of the two. It is a kind of literature that can arouse people's interest in the future and science, and open people's mind. It is the external embodiment of the deep exploration psychology of human beings. The creation of Chinese science fiction is produced under the influence of western science fiction. Up to now, it has gone through a whole hundred years. Now it is at the crossroads from depression to prosperity, from single to diverse modern transformation. With the development of science fiction creation and the increase of readers, the corresponding theoretical research is lagging behind. Science fiction and its research have always been marginalized in China. Existing sporadic comments also focus on the analysis of specific works and lack of a macro-consciousness. Therefore, from the perspective of modernity, this paper makes a general view of the development and plight of Chinese sci-fi novels with the background and reference of similar works in the West. Modernity is inextricably related to science fiction. Especially in China, the unique context of the times and the demands of modernity make the creation of science fiction take on the color of enlightenment and salvation from the beginning, thus limiting its development to a certain extent. On this basis, the paper compares the Chinese and Western science fiction: what kind of different features does the Chinese and Western science fiction show? What are the deep reasons behind it? How does Chinese science fiction go out of its own way? What opportunities and challenges are science fiction facing in the future? The discussion of this kind of problems is of practical significance in clarifying some problems in the development of science fiction. The thesis mainly includes the following contents: the first chapter discusses the definition, function and development of sci-fi, and introduces "modernity" as the theoretical framework of the thesis. The close relationship between modernity and science fiction is discussed. The second chapter is the comparative analysis of Chinese and Western sci-fi novels. It expounds the different styles and features of Chinese sci-fi novels introduced from the West in China, and analyzes the reasons behind these differences from several angles. The third chapter draws the conclusion from the above analysis that Chinese and Western sci-fi novels are closely related to modernity, especially in China, the complexity of modernity, unfinished nature and the lack of aesthetic modernity. Directly influenced the creation and development of Chinese science fiction; On the other hand, the development and predicament of Chinese sci-fi novels also verify the inherent deficiency of modernity in China. The differences between Chinese and Western sci-fi novels have profound cultural, historical and practical reasons. In this conclusion, the author looks forward to the future development of science fiction, and discusses how Chinese science fiction can write its own characteristics, taking the open end as the end of the thesis.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

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