《诗经》与《十四行诗集》中爱情诗比较

发布时间：2019-03-15 12:26

【摘要】： 中国的《诗经》与英国莎士比亚《十四行诗集》均诞生于各自国家的第一个文学高峰期,又属于相同抒情诗体裁、相同爱情诗题材的诗歌作品集。《诗经》与莎士比亚十四行爱情诗对各国后世的诗歌创作,特别是以爱情为主题的抒情诗歌创作,奠定了基本发展方向和抒情模式。本文应用作品分层手法,对中国的《诗经》与英国莎士比亚《十四行诗集》进行了两个结构层次的比较研究:语言艺术层和作品艺术图画层,并浅析了处于中西异质文明中的国家所具有的不同审美理想。《诗经》与《十四行诗集》中爱情诗无论是在语言艺术层面上,还是在作品艺术图画层面上都分别继承了两个民族各自文化源头的审美理想:“言志”和“摹仿”。在语言艺术层面上《诗经》所处的时代是中国语言文字发展的初期,文字不多,所以一个字经常反复被使用,更多的表现了重章叠唱、反复歌咏的特征,用字不多却让听者印象深刻,能达到良好的抒情言志的效果;《十四行诗集》正处于英语崛起承上启下的时代,英语文字发展有一个自由的空间和巨大的社会动力,诗人能够积极创造出新的词汇和韵律,达到更加条理清晰、逻辑顺畅的效果,语音的音响效果极富有戏剧色彩。在作品艺术图画层面上,无论从单篇还是从整部诗集来看,《诗经》的艺术画面都是不连续的,这显然不能形成连贯的故事情节,它只是诗歌描述当时情景的即时片段,不具有诗歌内部的自动连续性;《十四行诗集》从单篇来看,通过“对照”手法的铺陈,形成了一个有“突转”的结构故事,在“对照”和“突转”的结构布局中,诗人、爱友、小人、黑肤女郎、第三者的角色渐渐浮出水面,并日渐鲜明。从154篇整部诗组来看,也有一个隐约的故事线索在其中,把154个小的作品艺术画面有机的连接了起来,形成了一个相对完整的故事。本文认为:从有中西异质文化背景的、以爱情为题材的抒情诗出发,我们再一次证实了两个民族各自文化源头的审美理想:中国的“言志”文学传统和西方的“摹仿”文学传统。“言志说”首先把中国第一部诗歌总集《诗》的隐蔽特质加以概括提炼出来,并形成了此后中国重“言志”的抒情文学创作的基本原则,及其“赋、比、兴”的表达方法和结构布局;而“摹仿说”则升华了古代希腊史诗和戏剧的创作经验,渐渐形成了西方重“摹仿”的叙事文学的发展方向,而叙事文学所重视的“性格”、“情节”“戏剧性”“突转”等艺术表现手法和结构布局也影响了抒情诗歌的发展。
[Abstract]:Both the Book of songs of China and the sonnet of British Shakespeare were born at the first peak of literature in their respective countries and belong to the same lyric genre. The Book of songs and Shakespeare's fourteen-line love poems have laid the basic development direction and the lyric mode for the later generations of the world, especially the lyric poetry creation with love as the theme. This paper makes a comparative study on the two structural levels of Chinese Book of songs and British Shakespeare's Fourteen-line Poems by using the method of layering works: the level of language and art and the layer of art and drawing of works. It also analyzes the different aesthetic ideals of the countries in the heterogeneous civilization between China and the West. The love poems in the Book of songs and the Scriptures of songs inherit the aesthetic ideals of their respective cultural sources on both the linguistic and artistic level and on the artistic and pictorial level: "speech and ambition" and "imitation". At the level of language and art, the era of the Book of songs is the early stage of the development of Chinese language and writing, with few characters, so a word is often used repeatedly, showing more characteristics of repeated singing and repeated singing. Words not much but let the listener impressed, can achieve a good lyric effect; In the era of the rise of English, the development of English characters has a free space and great social impetus. Poets can actively create new words and rhythms to achieve a more structured and clear. The effect of logic is smooth, the sound effect of speech is full of dramatic color. On the artistic and pictorial level of the works, the artistic pictures of the Book of songs are discontinuous, both from a single piece and from the whole collection of poems. Obviously, this cannot form a coherent storyline. It is just an instant segment of a poem describing the scene at that time. There is no automatic continuity in poetry; From a single article, through the presentation of the "contrast" technique, a structural story with a "sudden turn" has been formed. In the structural layout of "contrast" and "sudden turn", poets, friends of love, small people, and black-skinned girls, The role of the third party gradually surfaced, and increasingly distinct. As far as 154 poems are concerned, there is also a vague storyline in which 154 small works of art are organically linked to form a relatively complete story. This article thinks: from the Chinese and Western heterogeneous cultural background, the theme of love as the theme of lyric poetry, Once again, we have confirmed the aesthetic ideal of the respective cultural sources of the two nationalities: the literary tradition of "expressing will" in China and the literary tradition of "imitating" in the West. The Theory of expressing will first generalizes the hidden characteristics of the first collection of poems in China, and then forms the basic principle of lyric literary creation which emphasizes "expressing will" in China since then, as well as the comparison of "Fu" and "Fu", "Fu" and "Fu, Bi". The expression method and structure layout of Xing; The theory of imitation sublimates the creative experience of ancient Greek epic and drama, and gradually forms the development direction of the narrative literature which emphasizes the "imitation" in the west, while the narrative literature attaches importance to the "character". "plot", "drama", "sudden change" and other artistic expression techniques and structural layout also affect the development of lyric poetry.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.2

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