绝望的美学沉思

发布时间：2019-05-22 21:40

【摘要】：“绝望”作为人类的一种生命体会,在现代汉语的通行意义上,表示着消极、悲观、抑郁、灰暗的心灵表情,但从生命美学的角度审视,绝望之美作为一种“感觉学”的典型,在很大程度上,还原了人类在面对困境时所保有的审美精神。本文试图从心灵体验出发,以绝望和希望、生与死作为线索,探索“绝望”作为一种心灵图式在个体生存中的形成因由和结果,以及可能存在的解决路径。分为三个章节：第一章,首先从精神分析角度,略述“绝望”作为一种精神病症的定义；其次从词源学出发厘清本文所指的“绝望”含义,指出其包含了“希望之绝”与“绝路之望”两个完全不同的内含。最后,从可能性的绝望者行为出发,阐述“死亡”与“疯癫”的绝望之路。第二章,试图阐述绝望生成因由,从外在与内在两个方面展开。一方面,阐明主体之间的“爱”的背反,即爱人实为爱己；以及主体自由的背反,即自由趋向于自缚。另一方面,深入主体内部,试图探讨个体生活信念及群体生活信仰两者与绝望生成之间的关系。第三章,阐述绝望者有可能的意志与行为,从被围困的人类绝境中提炼人性之美,便是对绝望这一“黑暗之光”的洞见。首先论述了心灵自我弃绝的消极行为模式,即“自绝于生命”以及“如死去一般生活”,笔者简括为“虽死犹生”与“虽生犹死”。其次,论述心灵自救的积极模式,即精神上的意义延展及身体上的行为外拓。最后,从艺术超越性角度,总结心灵在审美领域中构建的精神乌托邦。
[Abstract]:Despair, as a kind of life experience of human beings, expresses negative, pessimistic, depressed and gray spiritual expression in the common sense of modern Chinese, but from the perspective of life aesthetics, the beauty of despair is typical of "sensory science". To a large extent, the aesthetic spirit retained by human beings in the face of difficulties has been restored. Starting from the spiritual experience, taking despair and hope, life and death as clues, this paper attempts to explore the causes and results of the formation of despair as a spiritual schema in individual survival, as well as the possible solutions. It is divided into three chapters: the first chapter, from the perspective of psychoanalysis, briefly describes the definition of "despair" as a kind of mental illness; Secondly, it clarifies the meaning of "despair" referred to in this paper from the perspective of etymology, and points out that it contains two completely different connotations: "absolute hope" and "desperate hope". Finally, starting from the possible desperate behavior, this paper expounds the desperate road of death and madness. The second chapter attempts to explain the causes of despair from both external and internal aspects. On the one hand, it clarifies the backlash of "love" between subjects, that is, the lover is actually loving himself, and the reverse of subject freedom, that is, freedom tends to bind itself. On the other hand, it tries to explore the relationship between individual life belief and group life belief and despair generation. The third chapter expounds the possible will and behavior of the desperate, and abstracts the beauty of human nature from the besieged human desperate situation, which is the insight into the "dark light" of despair. First of all, this paper discusses the negative behavior mode of spiritual self-rejection, that is, "selfless in life" and "life like death". The author is summarized as "though death is still alive" and "though life is still dead". Secondly, it discusses the positive mode of spiritual self-help, that is, the extension of spiritual meaning and the extension of physical behavior. Finally, from the perspective of artistic transcendence, this paper summarizes the spiritual utopia constructed by the mind in the aesthetic field.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I01

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