神话思维在早期中西文化中的留存及差异性研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 21:07

【摘要】： 轴心时期,是中国和西方文明的分界期。本文意在研究中西方从原始社会发展而来的神话思维如何在此时的不同国度里开始发生变化,从而影响到中西方思维方式产生了历史的差异性。本文在给神话思维一个明确定义的基础上,首先研究了中西方神话思维在轴心时期发生的变异,指出中国此时还保留了神话思维的混沌性特征,而古希腊时期则更多地表现为对神话思维原始混沌性的扬弃,这种差异主要体现在神话故事和各类艺术作品中,从神祗的造像分析,中国人还处在崇拜动物性的神祗阶段,还屈服于动物神祗所代表的大自然的力量之下,人的精神还没有充分被认识、崇拜。希腊神话、艺术(主要是雕塑、瓶饰和瓶画等)所体现了对人的肯定了和自信,把人作为万物的尺度。在中国神话思维随后发展而成具象思维,具象思维跟神话思维最接近。在轴心时期,正是因为这种中西方先哲对神话思维采取的不同态度,奠定了以后中西方思维模式的不同走向。中国先哲对上古的神话思维继承多于超越,从而导致了中国思维方式的整体性、混融性和感性的特质。而古希腊先哲们对神话思维则采取了超越多于继承的态度,表现为对理性和逻辑思维的孜孜不倦的追求。神话思维的差异性研究,时间和空间是神话思维的两个主要的维度,古代中国人关于时间的想象是一种循环的圆的时间观,这种时间观体现在道家、儒家和阴阳五行家的思想里。道家思想里的主要的概念是神话概念的变形或者是其哲学抽象,其讲述的创世、堕落和救世的主题,儒家的对三代的追慕,以及阴阳五行家的五个元素的相生、相胜的思想是可以说是圆形循环神话时间的体现。这种循环的圆形的时间观引导中国的自然哲学在系统内寻找万物的有机联系和主要动力,而任何外在的原因是很难设想的,从而也导致中国对自然和谐与自然变化有深邃的哲学理解。但不幸的是,古代中国人完全陷入宇宙的有机论的泥潭。这种观念是造成中国科技不发达的一个原因。因为一旦政治原则和道德价值开始被看作世界系统的不可或缺的部分,道的观念就妥协了,宇宙观不再是科学探索的基础,而成为统治阶级为其利益服务的工具。而希腊直线的时间观念以一个永恒的第一动因或外在的造物主为特点,所以希腊自然科学的动力就是去发现造物主设下的宇宙秩序的规律。中西神话思维中关于空间的想象曾不同程度地影响了中西方的早期政治观念的形成,中国人曾把天地宇宙想象为天圆地方,大地是的一个规则同心的多层级正方形;而希腊人把大地想象为圆形,在这种自然空间中,一切因素都处在“力量的对等”中,相互对立,相互平衡。这对中国较早形成大一统的封建帝国和西方较早形成的城邦制有直接的影响。本文分三章。第一章、轴心时期中西艺术形体中的思维差异性;第二章、轴心时期中西哲学思想对神话思维的选择;第三章,神话思维对中西早期政治观念的影响。
[Abstract]:The axis period is the boundary period of Chinese and Western civilization. The purpose of this paper is to study how the mythological thinking from the development of the primitive society in the western part of China has changed in different countries at this time, thus affecting the difference of the historical difference in the mode of thinking in the middle and the west. On the basis of a clear definition of the mythological thinking, this paper first studies the variation of the thinking of the Chinese and western mythology in the period of the axis, and points out that in this time, it also retains the mixed character of the mythological thinking, and the ancient Greek period is more expressed as the discarding of the original mix of the mythological thinking. The difference is mainly reflected in the fairy tales and various works of art, from the image of the god, the Chinese are still in the stage of the worship of the animal, and the spirit of the man is not fully recognized and worshipped under the power of the nature of the animal god. Greek mythology, art (mainly sculpture, bottle and bottle painting, etc.) embody the affirmation and self-confidence of the human being, as the yardstick of all things. In that follow development of the Chinese mythology, the thought is the most close to the thinking and the mythical thinking. In the period of the axis, it is precisely because of the different attitude of the West of the West to the thought of the myth, and laid the foundation for the different trend of the western mode of thinking in the future. The inheritance of the ancient mythological thinking of China is more than the above, leading to the integrity and the fusion of Chinese thinking mode. The ancient Greek philosophers have adopted more than the inheritance of the mythological thinking, and expressed as the basis for the rational and logical thinking. The study of the difference of the mythological thinking, the time and the space are the two main dimensions of the mythological thinking. The imagination of the ancient Chinese people about time is the time view of the circle, which is reflected in the Taoist, the Confucian and the Yin and Yang five. In the thought of the expert, the main concept of the Taoist thought is the deformation of the concept of the myth or the abstract of its philosophy, the creation of the story, the theme of the corruption and the salvation, the admiration of the three generations of the Confucian, and the five five-element family's five. The life of an element, and the thought of winning, is that it can be said to be a circular, circular god. The round time view of this cycle leads the natural philosophy of China to find the organic relation and the main power of all things in the system, and any other reason is hard to imagine, which also leads to the deep natural harmony and natural change of China. The philosophical understanding of the universe. But unfortunately, the ancient Chinese are completely in the universe. The concept of organic theory is the cause of China's science and technology. For one reason, because once the political principles and moral values begin to be regarded as an integral part of the world system, the concept of the Tao is compromised, and the view of the universe is no longer the basis of scientific exploration, and the ruling class is its interest. The time concept of the Greek straight line is characterized by an eternal first driver or an external creator, so the power of the Greek natural science is to find the house of the creator. The law of the Archean order. The imagination of the space in the thinking of the Chinese and Western mythology has influenced the formation of the early political concept of the middle and the west, and the Chinese have imagined the universe of the world as the place of the sky, and the earth is a regular, multi-level square. The Greeks imagined the earth as a circle, in which all the factors were in the "A-air of power." In the middle, the opposite and the balance of each other. This is a relatively early feudal empire in China and the West. an early-formed city-state A direct effect. This paper is divided into three chapters. Chapter one, the difference of thinking in the Chinese and Western art forms in the axial period, the second chapter, the choice of the Chinese and Western philosophical thoughts on the mythological thinking in the axial period, and the third chapter, the myth.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0-03

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