解构批评：形态与价值

发布时间：2018-01-16 14:18

本文关键词：解构批评：形态与价值　出处：《江西师范大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：可以说,任何一种比较成熟的批评形态,都自成系统,都包含着自身独特的话语、方法、范式以及观念等几个层面,而其中思想观念是最为核心的一环,也可以说,正是某种批评形态的基本观念决定了它是“这一个”。为此,要把握解构批评的基本特征、基本精神,要使其系统化,就必须对其基本的思想观念进行总结。在此基础上,再来反观学界对其作出的评价,就能够较为准确地判别出哪些是合理的,哪些是强加之辞;最后,应该着眼于我们的现实问题,立足当下,对其作出合理的评价。从大的范围来讲,本文分为两个部分:一是解构批评的基本形态(1-7);二是对其进行评价(8-11)。具体来说,又包括以下几个部分。一(1-2)、就解构、解构批评的基本特点、基本内涵给予说明,指出解构作为一种本源性的、生生不息的、蕴含着极大颠覆性与创造性的内驱力,产生于结构成其为结构的那一刻,它是对他者性召唤的肯定性应答,是对结构等级制秩序的颠覆。解构在解放他者的同时也解放了他者的对立面,它不知疲倦地从一种结构奔向另一种全新的结构,以至无穷。而解构性事件就是二元等级秩序颠覆之后所产生的后果。狭义上的解构指的是作为文学批评的解构,或称为解构批评,解构批评追随1966年、1979年、1983年、2004年等这么几个标志性的年份,渐次呈现为兴起、高潮、扩散以及渐次衰落的走向。二(3-6)、就解构批评的基本观念如文学观、文本观、批评观、语境观进行说明。在解构批评看来,不存在什么超验的文学本质,文学的特殊性就在于它比其它语言更直接地呈现为修辞性语言;文学的基本精神是自由,它激发我们想象和构造世界的创造力;而所谓的文本只能是存在于阅读之中,是阅读建构了文本;文学批评应该探寻文本的“真相”,分析文本的修辞特性、别异性以及互文性等;语境在解构批评看来是非常重要的,没有语境我们甚至无法理解,但是解构批评同时指出语境实际上是不可靠的,因为语境本身也同样是书写物,是一种建构,换句话说,它本身也不过是个文本。三(7)、“解构批评的范式”。首先,对范式的定义及其基本特点进行了概括,指出本文将范式理解为一种阐释模式,它具有不可通约性、继承与创新、竞争等几个方面的特征;其次,依据艾布拉姆斯的“文学艺术四要素说”,将文学批评形态归纳为四个大的范式,然后从这四大范式中再划分出各具特色的较小单位的范式;最后,对解构批评的范式进行概括,指出解构批评已经从主题批评模式转向多义性的修辞性阅读模式。四(8-9)、针对学界从现实态度和思想性质两个方面对解构批评的指责,作出一些分析和回应;首先就有关解构批评回避现实、政治,解构毁灭一切的指责,分别从解构批评产生的历史语境、解构的性质、解构批评的旨趣等角度对此进行分析,认为某种程度上解构论者的确不再直接采取“五月风暴”式的激进手段来介入现实,但另一方面他们与现实的对抗也似乎从未妥协,只是改变了形式;同时还就德曼事件引起的争论,也给予分析。其次,针对将解构批评等同于虚无主义、相对主义、怀疑主义的看法,结合解构批评的基本观念进行分析,指出不能笼统地将解构批评同虚无主义、相对主义、怀疑主义等同起来,实际上,解构批评本身有个很好的传统,即谱系学的研究思路,解构批评不是怀疑一切,而是质疑在场;而且解构批评不是单纯只看到差异,而是说所有同一性中都蕴含着差异;尤为重要的是,解构批评可以说是有史以来对教条主义展开的最为彻底、最为猛烈的攻击。五(10-11)、“解构批评的洞见与盲视”。就解构批评自身存在着的优势和不足给予了分析和评价。解构批评在打破“教条式阅读”方面有着极为重要的意义,它鼓励读者发挥自己的创造潜能来开拓文本,发现那些被压抑、被遮蔽但却非常有价值的东西。但解构批评无疑太精英化、太严肃化了,它对阅读提出的要求也实在是太过苛刻了,这并不是所有人都能够做到的。某种程度上说,任何一种具体的批评形态都一定有其精华之处,也有其不足之处,不应该非常武断地根据自身的理论范式来厚此薄彼,在文学批评实践中,就各种批评形态之间的关系等问题,我们主张:阅读时应该注重“多维共释”。并且,就这一看法,结合具体作品给予说明。
[Abstract]:It can be said that any one kind of mature forms of criticism, both as a system, with its unique discourse, methods, several aspects of paradigm and concepts, and the concept is a part of the core, it can be said that it is the basic concept of a critical form determines that it is this a ". Therefore, to grasp the basic characteristics of deconstruction, criticism of the basic spirit, to make the system, must be the basic ideas are summarized. On this basis, again in evaluation of the academic circle to make, could accurately distinguish which is reasonable, which is imposed by the speech; finally, should focus on the practical problems, we based on the moment, make a reasonable evaluation on it.
Speaking from a large scale, this article is divided into two parts: first, deconstructing the basic form of criticism; (1-7) two, appraise it (8-11). Specifically, it includes the following parts.
A (1-2), on the basic characteristics of deconstruction, deconstruction criticism, the basic connotation given that deconstruction as a source of life and growth in nature, contains great subversive and creative drive, from the moment of its structure into the structure, it is a positive response to the call of the other the hierarchical structure is a subversion of the order. At the same time the other deconstruction in the liberation of the liberation of the other on the opposite side, it tirelessly from one structure to another a new structure, endless generated. After the deconstruction of events is two yuan order to subvert the consequences. The narrow sense of deconstruction refers to as literary criticism, deconstruction, criticism or deconstruction, deconstruction criticism following the 1966, 1979, 1983, 2004, so a few landmark year, gradually showing rise, and gradually decline to a climax, diffusion.
Two (3-6), is the basic concept of deconstruction criticism as literature view, view of text, criticism, context is described. In the deconstructive view, what does not exist the transcendental nature of literature, special literature is that it is more direct than other language appears as a figurative language is the basic spirit of literature; freedom, it excites our imagination and creativity of the structure of the world; and the so-called text can only be found in reading, reading is the construction of the text; the text should explore the "truth" of literary criticism, analyzes the rhetorical characteristics of text, intertextuality and difference; it is very important in the context of deconstructive criticism, no context we can't even understand, but also pointed out that the context of deconstructive criticism is actually not reliable, because the context itself is also writing, is a kind of construction, in other words, it itself is not a text.
Three (7), "deconstructive paradigm". Firstly, the definition of paradigm and its basic characteristics are summarized, pointed out that this will be interpreted as a paradigm of interpretation, it has the incommensurability, inheritance and innovation, characteristics and other aspects of the competition; secondly, on the basis of Abu Rams "the literature art four factor, literary criticism were divided into four major paradigms, then from the four paradigm to further divided into smaller units of different characteristics of the model; finally, the deconstructive paradigm is summarized, pointed out that the deconstruction criticism has the theme from the criticism mode to the rhetorical reading mode of polysemy.
Four (8-9), in the academic circles from the realistic attitude and ideological nature of two aspects of deconstruction criticism, makes some analysis and response; first on deconstruction criticism to avoid the reality, politics, the deconstruction of the destruction of all the accused, respectively from the deconstructive criticism of historical context, the nature of the purport of deconstructive criticism to analyze this, think on some level of deconstruction does not directly take radical measures to intervene in the May storm "type of reality, but on the other hand, they fight with reality seems to never compromise, just changed form; also Digmann incident caused controversy, also analyzed. Secondly, according to the deconstruction is equivalent to nihilism, relativism and skepticism view, combined with the analysis of the basic concepts of deconstruction criticism, points out that relativism can not generally be deconstruction criticism of nihilism, skepticism. In fact, Marxism equated, deconstruction criticism itself has a very good tradition, namely research genealogy, deconstruction criticism is not to doubt everything, but questioned the present; and deconstructive criticism not only see the difference, but all the same in all contain differences; especially, deconstruction criticism can be said to be on the history of dogmatism most thoroughly, the most violent attacks.
Five (10-11), "deconstruction insights and blind criticism." deconstruction criticism itself has the advantages and disadvantages to the analysis and evaluation. Deconstruction criticism has a very important significance in breaking the "dogmatic reading", it encourages readers to use their creative potential to open up the text, found that repressed, but very valuable things are obscured. But the deconstructive criticism is too elitist, too serious, it demands on reading really is too harsh, this is not everyone can do. To some extent, any specific forms of criticism are certain the essence of the place, also has its shortcomings, should not be very arbitrary according to the theory in the practice of literary criticism in favour one more than another, and various forms of criticism of the relationship between the problem, we advocate: reading should focus on the "multidimensional Co In addition, this view is explained in combination with the specific works.

【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：I06

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