文化语境视角下《红楼梦》诗词两英译本对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 08:38

本文选题：文化语境 + 《红楼梦》诗词　；参考：《湖南工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：《红楼梦》诗词包含着丰富的中国文化内涵,以其多样化的形式及其在小说中的独特作用深受学者青睐。不少学者已分别从美学、语言学、生态学、文化学和韵律等方面对其进行过研究,但是很少有人从文化语境的角度对其进行研究。然而文化语境对于译本的不同语言表现具有很大影响。从文化语境角度可以较好地揭示不同译本的差异。在研究译本差异的基础上找到不同译本所反映的文化语境因素,探讨译者在受到文化语境影响时,该采取何种措施才能更好地处理中西方文化差异,对于中国文化走出去有着重要的启示。文化语境作为一种重要的翻译要素,在很大程度上影响着译者对于原语文本文化的翻译。无论是原文的特定文化语境,还是相关的外在社会环境,都可能对译者的翻译过程产生重要作用。本文以《红楼梦》中三十八首具文化代表性的诗词翻译为例,从译本差异的分析出发,挖掘探讨译本差异背后的文化语境因素,并通过数据对比的形式分析出两译本各自的主要翻译策略及其原因,提出在翻译这种跨文化传播中,译者既应关注两种语言文化的客观差异,又应照顾好目的语读者对异域文化的接受能力。依据《红楼梦》诗词所体现出来的文化要素,文中的文化语境概念选用彭利元对于文化语境的定义。结合包惠南《文化语境与翻译》和胡兴文对于文化语境的分类,把文化语境分为历史文化语境、地域文化语境、宗教文化语境和习俗文化语境四大类。采用总、分、总的论述形式,从历史、地理、宗教和习俗四个方面,对《红楼梦》中三十八首诗词文化因素的翻译进行详细分析探讨,主要关注文化语境如何影响两个译本对原文诗词中同一文化词语的表达。通过对这两个译本三十八首诗词翻译的分析、比较及总体数据分析得出,杨宪益夫妇的诗词译本在选词方面倾向于原语文化,译本的表达稍显直白和生硬,在中国读者看来贴近原著,更能反映中国文化特色;而霍克斯的译本则更多考虑到的是贴近译入语文化与译入语文化的读者,对原文本中的一些文化词语采用归化的策略或者回避不译的方式,使得行文更具流畅性,更能满足西方读者的需要。历史与政治因素、翻译的目的、以及译语读者对异域文化的接受能力,是影响翻译策略选择的重要原因。在中华典籍对外传播的过程中,应高度重视两种语言文化存在的客观差异和目的语读者的异域文化接受能力,适当根据目的语读者异域文化接受能力的变化来调整翻译策略,促进源语文化的对外传播。当目的语读者缺乏任何原语文化的基础,译者则应当以目的语文化为主要导向,以一种简单、易读、易懂的归化译法传达原文信息,尽可能减少文化冲突。当目的语读者已经具备一定的原语文化基础知识,能够欣赏一定的原语文化诗词,译者则应当酌情逐渐加大译文的异化程度,逐步增加一些原语文化的信息到译本中,并在量变的原则下循序渐进。当目的语的大部分读者已经有了比较丰富的原语文化知识基础时,译者则应采取异化的翻译策略,尽可能地将原语文化的知识传递到目的语世界。文化的对外传播,遵循的是从失败的异化,到初期的归化,再到归化-异化过渡期,再到成功异化的不断递进的翻译过程。遵循这种循序渐进的文化传播过程,不仅能适应目的语读者对异域文化的接受能力,也能逐步实现将源语文化对外推广。因此,译者作为原文本在译入语文化的发言人,必须遵循循序渐进的文化传播过程,准确把握原语文化语境与译入语文化语境之间的差异,充分照顾译入语读者对异域文化的接受能力,根据文化差异实际,用目的语恰到好处地传达原文本中的文化意象与文化内涵。唯有这样,译者才能真正做好中西方跨文化交际的使者。
[Abstract]:The poetry of a dream of Red Mansions contains rich Chinese cultural connotation, which has been favored by scholars in its diversified forms and its unique role in the novel. Many scholars have studied it from the aspects of aesthetics, linguistics, ecology, culture and rhythm, but few have studied it from the perspective of cultural context. Cultural context has a great influence on the different language performance of the translation. From the perspective of cultural context, the differences in the different versions can be revealed. On the basis of the study of the differences in translation, the cultural contextual factors reflected in the different versions are found and what measures should be taken to deal with the translator better in the context of cultural context. Cultural differences in the West have an important inspiration for Chinese culture to go out. As an important element of translation, cultural context, to a great extent, affects the translator's translation of the text culture of the original language. It is likely to have an important role in the translation process of the translator, whether it is the specific cultural context of the original text or the relevant external social environment. On the basis of the analysis of the differences in the translation, this paper explores the cultural contextual factors behind the differences in the translation, and analyzes the main translation strategies and the causes of the two versions of the translation from the analysis of the differences in the translation, and puts forward the translators in the translators' cross-cultural communication. We should not only pay attention to the objective differences between the two languages and cultures, but also take care of the receptive ability of the target language readers to the foreign culture. According to the cultural elements embodied in the poem of the dream of Red Mansions, the concept of cultural context in the text is defined by Peng Li Yuan's cultural context. Bao Huinan's context and translation and Hu Xingwen's cultural context are combined with the cultural context. The cultural context is divided into four categories: historical and cultural context, regional cultural context, religious cultural context and custom and culture context. The translation of cultural factors of the thirty-eight poems in the Red Mansion Dream is analyzed and discussed in detail from four aspects: history, geography, religion and custom, and the cultural language is mainly concerned. How does the situation affect the expression of the same cultural words in the two versions of the original poetry. Through the analysis of the translation of the thirty-eight poems of the two versions, comparison and overall analysis, it is concluded that the poems of Yang Xianyi and his wife are inclined to the culture of the original language in the selection of words. It is more capable of reflecting Chinese cultural characteristics, while Hawkes's translation is more considered by the readers who are close to the culture of the translation and the culture of the translation. Some cultural expressions in the original text are used domesticating or avoiding the non translation, which makes the lines more fluent and meet the needs of western readers. Historical and political factors are more effective. The purpose of translation and the ability of the readers to accept the foreign culture are the important reasons for the choice of the translation strategies. In the process of spreading the Chinese classics, we should attach great importance to the objective differences in the existence of the two languages and cultures and the ability to accept the foreign culture of the target language readers, and appropriately according to the ability to accept the foreign culture of the target language readers. When the target language reader lacks any basis of the culture of the primitives, the translator should take the target language culture as the main guide, communicate the original information with a simple, readable and understandable translation method, and reduce the cultural conflict as much as possible. The cultural basic knowledge of the language can appreciate the cultural poetry of the original language. The translator should gradually increase the degree of alienation of the translation, gradually increase the information of the culture of some primitives into the translation and step by step under the principle of quantitative change. When most readers of the target language have already had a rich base of the cultural knowledge of the original language, the translators are the translators. The Foreignization of the culture of the original language should be transferred to the world of target language as much as possible. The foreign communication of culture follows the process of translation from the alienation of failure to the early domestication, to the transition period of domestication to alienation, and to the continuous progressive process of alienation of success. The ability to adapt to the target language readers' acceptance of foreign culture can also gradually realize the promotion of the source language culture. Therefore, as a spokesman for the original text, the translator must follow the gradual and progressive cultural communication process, accurately grasp the differences between the cultural context of the original language and the cultural context of the target language, and take full care of the translation language. The reader's acceptance of the foreign culture, according to the actual cultural differences, conveys the cultural images and cultural connotations in the original text with the target language properly. Only in this way, the translator can truly do a good job of the Chinese and Western intercultural communication envoy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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