关联性：小说交际中意义的建构与重构

发布时间：2018-06-29 08:31

本文选题：关联 + 小说交际　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文属于跨学科研究,从语用学视角出发,以传统的文学理论和语言学研究涉及得较少的小说交际过程为研究对象,在关联理论基础上提出了“小说交际语用分析模式”。本文首先系统地回顾了文学和语言学对小说的研究,指出从语用学角度研究小说交际具有可行性。其次,对关联理论用于文学研究做进一步反思。再次,详细分析了小说交际的参与者和小说交际中的语境知识。最后,在关联理论基础上建立了“小说交际语用分析模式”,旨在阐释小说交际过程中多重意义的建构与重构,即在以文本为媒介的明示——推理动态阐释过程中,作者(包括叙述者和人物)建构意义和读者重构意义。 “小说交际语用分析模式”的构成要素是文本、小说交际的参与者、小说交际的语境、作者和读者所具有的语境知识。该模式提出下列观点:①作者创作了小说交际的媒介——文本。叙述者和人物构成的文本世界由作者创建。②小说交际的参与者不仅包括作者和读者,而且包括叙述者和人物。③作者和读者之间的小说交际以人物之间的交际和叙述者与读者之间的交际为途径。交际的多样性决定了小说交际语境的特殊性。小说交际在作者创作小说的语境、读者阅读小说的语境、叙述者讲述故事的语境和小说人物使用语言的语境中进行。④为了成功进行小说交际,作者和读者需要具备与这四种语境相关的语境知识。作者和读者的语境知识包括语言知识、上下文知识、互文性知识、情景知识、背景知识和共有知识。 “小说交际语用分析模式”强调作者(包括叙述者和人物)明示和读者推理,强调小说参与者之间形成一种动态协作关系。在小说交际中,作者(包括叙述者和人物)依据读者的认知体系做出期待性假设,通过叙述者语言、小说故事、小说结构和小说主题使该假设更加清晰。作者在各类语境中不仅建构了抽象意义和语境意义,而且建构了作者意义。这三种意义之间存在等级关系,处于最低层,即第一层为抽象意义(字面意义),第二层为语境意义(情景意义),第三层则为作者意义(叙述者意义和角色意义)。作者从低层到高层依次建构意义,低层意义的建构是高层意义建构的途径,高层意义的建构是低层意义建构的目的。在小说交际中,读者依靠明示刺激重构认知语境并识别作者意图,即读者通过获取语言知识、上下文知识、互文性知识、情景知识、背景知识和共有知识重构认知语境;通过从低层到高层重构抽象意义(字面意义)、语境意义(情景意义)和作者意义(叙述者意义和角色意义)从而识别作者意图。 “小说交际语用分析模式”具有较强的实用价值。通过运用该模式对Dorris Lessing的长篇小说《金色笔记》进行个案分析,我们认为该模式具有合理性和有效性,为文学研究和语言学研究提供新的视角和研究方法。
[Abstract]:This paper is an interdisciplinary study. From the perspective of pragmatics, this paper puts forward a pragmatic analysis model of novel communication on the basis of relevance theory, which is based on the traditional literary theory and the less involved novel communication process in linguistics. Firstly, this paper systematically reviews the literature and linguistics studies on fiction, and points out that it is feasible to study novel communication from the perspective of pragmatics. Secondly, the relevance theory is used in literature research to make further reflection. Thirdly, it analyzes the participants of novel communication and the contextual knowledge in novel communication. Finally, on the basis of relevance theory, a pragmatic analysis model of novel communication is established in order to explain the construction and reconstruction of multiple meanings in the process of novel communication, that is, in the process of ostensive-inferential dynamic interpretation with text as the medium. Author (including narrator and character) constructs meaning and reader reconstructs meaning. The constituent elements of the pragmatic Analysis Model of novel Communication are the text, the participants of the novel communication, the context of the novel communication, the contextual knowledge of the author and the reader. The model puts forward the following views: the author has created the novel communication medium-text. The text world of narrator and character is created by the author. 2. The participants in the communication of the novel include not only the author and the reader, but also the writer and the reader. Moreover, the communication between narrator and character. 3. 3 the communication between the author and the reader is by the communication between the characters and the narrator and the reader. The diversity of communication determines the particularity of the communicative context of the novel. In the context of the author's creation of the novel, the context in which the reader reads the novel, the context in which the narrator tells the story and the language used by the characters in the novel, Both the author and the reader need to have contextual knowledge related to these four contexts. The contextual knowledge of authors and readers includes language knowledge, contextual knowledge, intertextuality knowledge, situational knowledge, background knowledge and common knowledge. The Model of communicative pragmatic Analysis emphasizes the explicit and reader reasoning of the author (including the narrator and the characters) and emphasizes the formation of a dynamic cooperative relationship between the participants of the novel. In novel communication, the author (including the narrator and the character) makes the expectation hypothesis according to the reader's cognitive system, which is made clearer by the narrator's language, the novel story, the novel structure and the novel theme. The author not only constructs abstract meaning and contextual meaning, but also constructs author meaning in various contexts. There is a hierarchical relationship between the three meanings, that is, the first level is abstract meaning (literal meaning), the second level is contextual meaning (situational meaning), the third level is author meaning (narrator meaning and role meaning). The author constructs the meaning from the lower level to the high level, and the construction of the lower meaning is the way of the construction of the high-level meaning, and the construction of the high-level meaning is the purpose of the low-level meaning construction. In the novel communication, the reader reconstructs the cognitive context and recognizes the author's intention through explicit stimulation, that is, the reader reconstructs the cognitive context by acquiring language knowledge, contextual knowledge, intertextuality knowledge, situational knowledge, background knowledge and common knowledge. By reconstructing abstract meaning (literal meaning), contextual meaning (situational meaning) and author meaning (narrator meaning and role meaning) from lower level to higher level, the author's intention can be recognized. The Model of pragmatic Analysis in novel Communication has strong practical value. Through a case study of Dorris Lessing's novel Golden Notebook, we find that the model is reasonable and effective and provides a new perspective and method for literary and linguistic studies.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：I054

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