汉字“自”及“自”族若干词语的美学研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 11:44

【摘要】：“自”的本义是“鼻子”,从其初文可识。此外,还有“自己”、“从、由”、“自然”等引申义。“自己”义的产生,是人对周围世界有一定认识的结果,代表着人自我意识的萌起。在“自己”的基础上进一步引申出“从、由”之义。“自从”,是以主体涵盖了主体(此处)与对象世界(彼处)的关系,在词性虚化的同时丰富了“自”的内涵。“自然”指与主体相对应的对象世界,以“自”指代对象世界,实际上是将主体投射到对象世界,使对象世界主体化。由“自”与其他字构成的复合词中,具有美学和哲学意蕴的代表有自我、自然、自觉和自由。自我,是人主体意识的显现,是人将自己与他人、与对象世界作区分的结果。自然是对象世界的本真状态,也是文艺理论中的最高境界。自我与自然的共同点是自为自在。自觉,是人的自我觉解,是人将自身与外部世界区分开的结果。为了实现与外界和谐相处,人为自己建构了一系列的原则和规范,也就是德。德是自觉的产物。若说自觉是对自身的规范,那么自由就是对内心本真的追求。庄子所说的自由分为两层:一是顺乎本性的天然自由,一是无所依附的绝对自由。前者需要人不干涉物,使其顺从本性存在发展从而获得自由,同时人不以既定观念限制自己,遵从本能的欲求以实现自由;后者则需要人放下自我的偏执,超越世俗以达到无待的状态。自然由老子提出,老子所谓的自然主要强调无为,不以人力影响万万物,使万物得以依乎本性生长发展,不执着于价值观念的建立,使人从盲目的追求中解脱。自由自觉作为人的类特性,强调人的生产劳动是有意识有目的的,人的有意识的生产活动又作为对象而被人自身所观照。
[Abstract]:The original meaning of "self" is "nose", from its original text can be recognized. In addition, there are "oneself", "from, from", "nature" and so on. The emergence of the meaning of "oneself" is the result of people's understanding of the world around them and represents the emergence of human self-consciousness. On the basis of "oneself", the meaning of "from, from" is further extended. Since, the subject covers the relationship between the subject and the object world, which enriches the connotation of self in part of speech. "Nature" refers to the object world corresponding to the subject, which refers to the object world by "self". In fact, it projects the subject into the object world and makes the object world subject. In the compound words composed of "self" and other words, the representatives with aesthetic and philosophical implications are self, nature, consciousness and freedom. Self is the manifestation of man's subjective consciousness and the result of distinguishing himself from others and from the object world. Nature is the true state of the object world and the highest realm in literary theory. The common denominator between self and nature is self-freedom. Self-consciousness is the self-perception of human beings and the result of distinguishing themselves from the outside world. In order to achieve harmony with the outside world, people construct a series of principles and norms for themselves, that is, virtue. Virtue is the product of self-consciousness. If self-consciousness is the norm of self-discipline, then freedom is the pursuit of inner truth. The freedom mentioned by Zhuangzi is divided into two levels: one is natural freedom in conformity with nature, the other is absolute freedom without attachment. The former requires people not to interfere with things, so that they obey the existence and development of nature in order to obtain freedom, at the same time, people do not restrict themselves with established ideas, and follow the instinct to achieve freedom; The latter requires people to let go of their paranoia and transcend the worldly to reach the state of nothing. Nature is put forward by Laozi, the so-called nature of Laozi mainly emphasizes inaction, does not influence everything with manpower, makes all things grow and develop in accordance with nature, does not cling to the establishment of values, and makes people free from blind pursuit. Freedom and consciousness, as a kind of human nature, emphasize that man's productive work is conscious and purposeful, and his conscious production activity is regarded as an object by himself.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I01

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