马克思与政治美学

发布时间：2018-11-27 14:06

【摘要】：近代美学把艺术之美作为美的唯一范本和美学的唯一立足点,从而成为文艺美学。文艺美学以艺术的自主性和审美经验论作为其基本信条,失落了艺术作为"可见之美对不可见之美的象征"这一原初的反思性本质,成为当代艺术危机与衰落的理论根源。未来美学的新转向是从文艺美学转向政治美学,对美的本质的理解从"感觉的完美性"转向"存在的完美性",恢复美学的理论思维和超验维度。当美学的立足点从艺术转移到政治,以"制度之美"和"人性之美"作为美学的立足点去反思存在的完美性,美学就成为政治美学。政治美学是美学的原初形式,柏拉图作为政治美学的开创者,发现了政治作为对制度之美与人性之美的创造和理解乃是一种知识,真正的政治即"最好政制"乃是一个哲学的界面,以此为政治美学奠基。马克思对资本主义现实性的批判性考察,不仅把"自由联合体中每个人的全面发展"当作改变现实世界的目标,同时更是作为对制度与人性的彻底理解和更高真理,以此将现代政治哲学重新带回到对最好制度与最美人性的创造与认知界面,从而恢复并光大了古典政治美学的原初问题和理论传统。
[Abstract]:Modern aesthetics regards the beauty of art as the only model of beauty and the sole foothold of aesthetics, thus becoming the aesthetics of literature and art. Literary aesthetics takes the autonomy of art and the theory of aesthetic experience as its basic creed. It loses the original reflective essence of art as the symbol of the visible beauty to the invisible beauty, and becomes the theoretical root of the crisis and decline of contemporary art. The new turn of future aesthetics is from literary aesthetics to political aesthetics, and the understanding of the essence of beauty from "the perfection of feeling" to the "perfection of existence", and to restore the theoretical thinking and transcendental dimensions of aesthetics. Aesthetics becomes political aesthetics when the standpoint of aesthetics is transferred from art to politics, and "the beauty of system" and "beauty of human nature" are taken as the foothold of aesthetics to reflect on the perfection of existence. Political aesthetics is the original form of aesthetics. As the pioneer of political aesthetics, Plato discovered that the creation and understanding of the beauty of the system and the beauty of human nature is a kind of knowledge. Real politics, called "the best political system", is the interface of philosophy, which lays the foundation of political aesthetics. Marx's critical investigation of the reality of capitalism not only regards "the all-round development of everyone in the free association" as the goal of changing the real world, but also serves as a thorough understanding of the system and human nature and a higher truth. In this way, the modern political philosophy is brought back to the creative and cognitive interface of the best system and the most beautiful human nature, thus restoring and amplifying the original problems and theoretical traditions of classical political aesthetics.
【作者单位】：吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“超越审美现代性——马克思的政治美学研究”(13AZD028)的结项成果之一,国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义政治哲学重大基础理论问题研究”(15ZDB002)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B83-05;I01

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