技术理性与异化:法兰克福学派文化批判理论视角下的《白噪音》
发布时间:2018-01-26 11:05
本文关键词: 《白噪音》 法兰克福学派 技术理性 异化 出处:《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:唐·德里罗是文学批评家广泛认可的美国后现代杰出的小说家。他的作品生动地勾勒出了二十世纪末二十一世纪初美国方方面面的生活画面。1985年出版的《白噪音》是美国文学史上一部最具代表性的后现代小说之一。由于《白噪音》的发表,第二年唐·德里罗便获得了美国全国图书奖。小说通过描写杰克及其一家人的生活,作者生动地展示了美国后现代社会典型的中产阶级的生活状况。小说中,现代技术产品已经占据了主人公全部的生活,而且深深地影响着他们。为了揭示技术理性如何异化人们的生活以及作者如何看待后现代社会,本文将运用法兰克福学派技术理性批判理论和异化理论解读《白噪音》这部小说。 众所周知,法兰克福学派在西方马克思主义中占据特别重要的地位。自从法兰克福学派成立之日起,其社会批判理论便开启了它的历史。该理论试图通过分析整个人类文化来揭示人的命运,然后从哲学和社会学两个角度全面的批判资本主义社会。法兰克福学派的社会批判理论是从马克思的异化理论出发的。他们看来在二十世纪,异化对人的束缚与统治已从政治压迫和经济剥削转向文化力量。所以,法兰克福学派社会批判理论也可以称为建立在异化理论基础之上的文化批判理论。然而,在法兰克福学派的文化批判理论框架中技术理性是至关重要的批判视角。在某种意义上,大众文化,意识形态,现代性,现代国家统治形式等问题的出现,都直接与技术理性进展的后果密切相关。总而言之,法兰克福文化批评理论是技术理性批评理论,其基础是异化理论。技术理性主义是起源于技术高速发达的后现代社会的理性思潮。技术理性认为人类不仅可以利用理性和科学完全掌握人类社会的理性结构,而且运用日新月异的现代技术去征服整个大自然。事实上,科学技术及其理性主义为人类社会发展提供了强大的动力,给人们带来了前所未有的丰富的物质生活。然而它孕育着内在的深刻的文化危机。以技术理性为主导的后现代文化开始不断显露出它的弊端,尤其是两次世界大战和原子弹所带来的毁灭性灾难使得人类不得不去重新审视这一理性主义的价值。理性和技术再也不是人们想象的那样拯救人类的正能量,反而变成邪恶的技术力量来灭绝人类,使人从控制自然的主人沦为受技术摆布的仆人,而这些都清晰地反应在《白噪音》这部小说当中。 本论文包括六个部分。第一章作者简单地介绍了唐·德里罗和小说《白噪音》,并且综述了国内外学者对作家和作品的文学研究。第二章主要解释了本文所要运用的理论。具体介绍了法兰克福学派的发展历史和它的文化批判理论包括技术理性批判和异化理论。第三章描述了小说中现代技术产品已经占据了主人公的全部生活,这部分反映了技术理性发展的双重性。技术理性的最初扮演的角色是救世主,其目的是拯救人类脱离神话和迷信的束缚。但结果却令人大失所望,技术理性不但没有解放人类,反而成为一种全新的异化力量来统治人类。第四章分析了技术理性对小说人物身心的异化作用包括:在空中毒物事件和飞机失事当中人们受到的生存危机;杰克夫妇挥之不去的死亡恐惧,现代人的信仰危机等等。第五章窥见了作者对后现代人类社会的态度。小说几处描写了技术理性的负面影响来暗示唐·德里罗对后现代社会感到极度的忧虑和迷茫。最后一部分总结了现代技术对人们生活的影响和技术理性对整个人类社会造成的异化作用。
[Abstract]:Don Delera is a literary critic widely recognized American postmodern novelist. His works vividly sketched out at the end of twentieth Century and early twenty-first Century America in all aspects of life picture published in.1985 < > white noise is one of the modern novels in American literary history one of the most representative of the white noise. After published < >. Second years don Delillo won the National Book Award in fiction. Through the description of Jack and one family life, the author vividly demonstrates the life of modern society, typical middle-class America. In the novel, modern technology products have occupied the hero all the life, but also deeply influenced in order to reveal them. The technical rationality how alienated people's life and how the author view of post-modern society, this paper will use the Frankfurt School of technology rationality criticism theory and the alienation of Science On the "white noise" of the novel.
As everyone knows, the Frankfurt school occupies the important position in the western Marx doctrine. Since the date of the establishment of the Frankfurt school, the theory of social criticism opens up its history. This theory tries to analyze the whole human culture to reveal the destiny of the people, and then learn the two aspects of the critique of capitalist society from the philosophical and social Frankfurt. School of social criticism theory is derived from Marx's theory of alienation. They appear in twentieth Century, bound and rule of human alienation from political oppression and economic exploitation to the cultural power. Therefore, the Frankfurt School of social criticism theory can also be called based on the theory of alienation based theory of cultural criticism. However, in the theoretical framework cultural criticism of the Frankfurt School of technology rationality is a critical perspective essential. In a sense, the mass culture, The problem of modernity, ideology, modern state ruling forms, directly with the progress of the consequences of technological rationality are closely related. In short, Frankfurt cultural criticism theory is the technical rational criticism theory, which is based on the theory of alienation. Technological rationalism is the rational thought originated in the technology of high-speed advanced modern society. The reason of human technology not only can use rational and scientific to fully grasp the rational structure of human society, and the use of modern technology to conquer the nature change rapidly. In fact, science and technology and the rationalism of human society development provides a powerful impetus, brought hitherto unknown rich material life to the people. However, it breeds the profound culture the crisis. On the technical rationality as the leading postmodern culture gradually reveals its disadvantages, especially in the two world War and the atomic bomb caused by the devastating disaster makes the human to re-examine the value of rationalism. Save the positive energy that human rationality and technology is no longer expected, but a technical force of evil to destroy human beings make people become the masters of nature from the control technology at the mercy of the servant. These are clearly reflected in the novel < > white noise.
This thesis consists of six parts. The first chapter, the author briefly introduces Don Delera and the novel "white noise", and summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars on the study of literature writers and works. The second chapter mainly explains the use of the theory. This paper describes the development history of the Frankfurt school and its cultural criticism theory including technical rational criticism and alienation theory. The third chapter describes the modern technology products in the novel have occupied the whole life of the protagonist, this part reflects the dual development of technology rationality. Technological rationality initially play the role of Savior, its purpose is to save human beings from the bondage of myth and superstition. But the result is greatly disappointed, technological rationality not only the liberation of human beings, but has become a new power to rule the human alienation. The fourth chapter analyzes the alienation of technological rationality on the characters of body and mind Effects include: poison in the air crash events and people from the survival crisis; and Mrs. Jack lingering fear of death, modern people's belief crisis and so on. In the fifth chapter, the author of a glimpse of the modern human society. The novel describes the attitude of several negative effects of technology rationality implies that Don Delera felt extremely in the postmodern society worried and confused. The last part summarizes the alienation of modern technology impact on people's lives and technical rationality in the whole human society caused.
【学位授予单位】:陕西师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:I712.074
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 朱叶;美国后现代社会的“死亡之书”——评唐·德里罗的小说《白噪音》[J];当代外国文学;2002年04期
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