论康拉德《在西方的注视下》中拉祖莫夫的灰色道德

发布时间：2018-03-11 15:17

本文选题：约瑟夫·康拉德　切入点：《在西方的注视下》　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《在西方的注视下》是康拉德著名的政治三部曲中的一部。小说讲述了处在俄国独裁专制与暴力革命夹缝中的一个普通人物的悲惨命运。主角拉祖莫夫是圣彼得堡大学的学生，却意外卷入一场致命的政治事件。为了保全自我，他违心地出卖了身为革命者的同学哈尔丁，并且被迫成为当局政府的一名间谍。在日内瓦执行任务时，他与哈尔丁的妹妹相恋。但是，背叛的愧疚、主体性的丧失等等心灵煎熬无时无刻不在折磨着他，他最终不堪精神重负，选择了坦白，也因此遭到革命者的报复，落下终生残疾。尽管是一本政治小说，但是，，《在西方的注视下》在主题上却表达了康拉德对其所处时代中道德危机、身份认同、焦虑心理等问题的关注以及对普通民众的道德关怀。因此，本文拟借用安·兰德“灰色道德”的概念，分析拉祖莫夫的多重道德困境。论文第一章将讨论拉祖莫夫在背叛与忠诚之间的挣扎。拉祖莫夫并不愿意成为出卖同学的一名叛徒。但是，身为俄国人，他深知残暴的当局可以轻易摧毁个体的生存。拉祖莫夫别无他选，只能向当局告密。他的投诚并不等于主观愿望的忠诚，而只是孤独无援的个体对压制性政权的一种仰仗。第二章将分析拉祖莫夫在被工具化与主体意识之间的困境。告密后，拉祖莫夫蜕变成屈从于当局、放弃主观意识的一把工具。可是，他内心一直梦想成为清除专制沉疴、倡导自由民主的改革者。主观意识与现实命运之间的激烈冲撞迫使他无力做出明确清晰的选择，始终停留在灰色地带。第三章将探究拉祖莫夫最终选择坦白、告别灰色道德地带的原因。来自娜塔莉的纯真爱情是他坦白的动力，重构迷失已久的身份则是他坦白的根源。坦白后，拉祖莫夫以身体的代价换回了灵魂的救赎，更重要的是，他终于摆脱了灰色道德的梦魇，找到了自我的完整性。最后，本文试图得出结论，社会道德规范丧失导致个人的选择陷入一种非黑非白的灰色道德地带。可是，也正是内心的冲撞与困惑、质疑与探究，构成了对人类生命存在形式和意义的追问，给予读者非同寻常的人生启迪。
[Abstract]:"under the eyes of the West" is one of Conrad's famous political trilogy. The novel tells the tragic fate of an ordinary character in the midst of a Russian autocratic and violent revolution. The protagonist, Razumov, is a student at St. Petersburg University. But accidentally involved in a deadly political incident. In order to save himself, he betrayed his classmate Jaldin, a revolutionary, and was forced to become a spy of the government of the authorities. While on duty in Geneva, He fell in love with Jaldin's sister. But the guilt of betrayal, the loss of subjectivity and so on tormented him all the time. He finally became overburdened with his spirit, chose to confess, and was retaliated by revolutionaries. A lifetime of disability. Although it is a political novel, under the eyes of the West, it expresses Conrad's concern about the moral crisis, identity, anxiety and other issues of his time, as well as his moral concern for the general public. This paper uses the concept of "grey morality" by Ann Rand to analyze Razumov's multiple moral dilemmas. The first chapter of the paper will discuss Razumov's struggle between betrayal and loyalty. Razumov does not want to be a traitor who betrays his classmates. However, as a Russian, He knew that brutal authorities could easily destroy the survival of individuals. Razumov had no choice but to tell the authorities. His defection was not equal to the loyalty of his will. The second chapter will analyze the dilemma between the instrumentalization and the subjective consciousness of Razumov. After the tip-off, Razumov becomes subservient to the authorities. Give up a tool of subjective consciousness. But his heart has always dreamed of being a reformer who clears autocracy and advocates liberal democracy. The fierce collision between subjective consciousness and real destiny forces him to make clear and clear choices. Always stay in the gray zone. Chapter three will explore why Razumov finally chose to confess and bid farewell to the gray moral zone. The pure love from Natalie is the driving force of his confession. Reconstructing his lost identity is the root of his confession. After confessing, Razumov redeemed his soul at the expense of his body, and more importantly, he finally got rid of the nightmare of grey morality and found his own integrity. Finally, this paper attempts to draw a conclusion that the loss of social moral norms leads to the individual's choice falling into a non-black and white gray moral zone. However, it is also the inner conflict and confusion, doubt and exploration. It constitutes an inquiry into the form and meaning of human existence, and gives readers extraordinary enlightenment in life.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

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