从《赫索格》看贝娄的历史哲学思想

发布时间：2018-04-12 10:13

  本文选题：索尔·贝娄 + 《赫索格》　； 参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：诺贝尔文学奖得主索尔·贝娄一生笔耕不辍，致力于描绘现代人生活中的哲学与伦理困境，迷茫与矛盾。他不愿意被称为美国犹太作家，自称是 充满想象力的社会历史学家‖，比一般社会科学家更能精确地勾勒出社会的疯狂。贝娄的这些思想在巨作《赫索格》中得到了充分的体现。基于格林布拉特的新历史主义主张和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论，本文旨在探讨《赫索格》中的历史哲学思想，以揭示贝娄关于历史、受难、死亡和救赎的哲学思考，以及他对犹太民族乃至全人类的人性关怀。 从历史作为过去事件之叙说的角度看，贝娄的历史思想是一种新历史主义的主张。在《赫》中，贝娄借多个小说人物之口来呈现玛德琳和瓦伦丁的形象及评价玛德琳的婚外情和琼妮的抚养权，指出人对过去的记忆和再现不可避免地带有主观色彩和虚构性质；与此同时，透过赫索格主观过滤后的回忆和未寄出的信件，小说展现出一幅当代社会、文化和历史环境的全景图，彰显了 文本的历史性‖。基于弗洛伊德的创伤理论，本文进一步探究作者和小说角色所表现出的个人创伤和民族创伤症状来阐释此二元化的历史对人类生活的创伤式的影响。 从历史作为人类的发展这一事件本身的角度看，贝娄的历史思想是一种现代主义和人文主义的观点。本文通过解读《赫》中一个个在社会和历史的长河中晃来晃去的 类天使‖形象凸显贝娄历史观中辩证的人性观，指出正因为兼有崇高与卑微的特质人才称之为人，而主人公在迷茫中的探寻，在虚无和废墟中试图重建柏拉图式的家园进一步诠释了人性二字以及人作为历史的主体，他的精神追求对历史进程的意义。本文接下来试用弗洛伊德的人格结构理论来探索赫索格最初的精神困境和最终的理性回归背后的深层原因，得出在分析人在历史中的处境和发展时，将责任仅归为个人因素或社会因素都是不充分的。 从文化和宗教的角度来解读，《赫》中的历史哲学思想同时是一种根植于犹太民族的哲学思想。就历史的方向而言，贝娄指出历史是辩证前进的，一切都只是历史进程中的中间物，这与犹太人典型的乐观主义及其独特的时间观不谋而合。其次，在赫索格的精神之旅中，贝娄赋予角色对于人类存在和犹太教的核心问题——受难与死亡的深刻思考，指出二者分别是人实现超越的铺垫和催化剂。再者，通过对比研究主人公的救赎之路与犹太核心教义，，本文得出二者在强调和谐、关注普通人与事、主张把握当下等思想上殊途同归。从上述分析可知，贝娄不仅是位杰出的美国作家更是位伟大的犹太作家，同时还是位历史家兼哲学家。
[Abstract]:Saul Bellow, the Nobel laureate in literature, devoted his life to depicting philosophical and ethical dilemmas, confusion and contradictions in modern life.He does not want to be called an American Jewish writer, who claims to be an imaginative social historian, more accurate than the average social scientist in outlining social madness.Bellow's thoughts are fully embodied in Herzog.Based on Greenblatt's new historicism and Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this paper aims to explore the historical philosophy in Herzog in order to reveal Bellow's philosophical thinking on history, suffering, death and redemption.And his human concern for the Jewish nation and all mankind.From the perspective of history as a narrative of past events, Bellow's historical thought is a new historicism.In Hercules, Bellow presents the images of Madeleine and Valentine and evaluates Madeleine's extramarital affair and Joanie's custody, and points out that the memory and reproduction of the past are inevitably subjective and fictional.At the same time, through Herzog's subjective filtered memories and unsent letters, the novel presents a panorama of contemporary social, cultural and historical environments, and highlights the historical significance of the text.Based on Freud's trauma theory, this paper further explores the symptoms of personal trauma and national trauma shown by the author and the characters of the novel to explain the traumatic effects of this dualistic history on human life.From the perspective of history as the development of mankind, Bellow's historical thought is a kind of modernism and humanism.In this paper, the author points out that the dialectical view of human nature in Bellow's view of history is highlighted by the images of Angels that are dangling from the long rivers of society and history in Hercules, pointing out that people are called human beings because of their sublime and humble qualities.The protagonist's exploration in the confusion, trying to reconstruct the platonic homeland in nothingness and ruins further interprets the character of human nature and the significance of his spiritual pursuit to the historical process as the subject of history.Then this paper tries Freud's theory of personality structure to explore the deep reasons behind Herzog's initial spiritual dilemma and ultimate rational return, and draws a conclusion that in analyzing the situation and development of human beings in history,It is not sufficient to attribute responsibility solely to personal or social factors.From the angle of culture and religion, the historical philosophy in Hercules is also a philosophical thought rooted in the Jewish nation.As far as the direction of history is concerned, Bellow points out that history is dialectical and that everything is only the intermediate in the process of history, which coincides with the typical optimism of Jews and their unique view of time.Secondly, in Herzog's spiritual journey, Bellow gives the characters a profound reflection on the core problems of human existence and Judaism-suffering and death, and points out that the two are respectively the paves and catalysts for human transcendence.Furthermore, through the comparative study of the protagonist's road of redemption and the Jewish core doctrine, this paper draws a conclusion that both of them emphasize harmony, pay attention to ordinary people and things, and advocate the same goal in the thought of grasping the present.From the above analysis, Bellow is not only an outstanding American writer, but also a great Jewish writer, as well as a historian and philosopher.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074


本文编号：1739304