从存在主义角度解析《裸者与死者》

发布时间：2018-05-04 09:21

本文选题：冲突 + 异化　；参考：《辽宁大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：诺曼·梅勒是当代美国文坛的重要作家，他是一位卓有成就，又颇具个性的当代美国小说家。他写下了多部辉煌的作品，并且两次获得普利策文学奖，他对美国文坛乃至整个社会产生了巨大的影响。在文学领域内，梅勒有自己独特的个性和思想。在哲学领域内，他的作品又表现了独特的美国式存在主义思想。《裸者与死者》是诺曼·梅勒的代表作，是最经典的战争小说之一，也是二战以来最受争议的作品。这部作品在世界文学领域里的极大荣誉，，使诺曼.梅勒成为了一名美国著名的作家。《裸者与死者》以战争为背景，主要揭示了权欲使人丧失理性和人性，战争使人变得更加贪婪的现实。本论文试图借助萨特的存在主义哲学对《裸者与死者》中的主题进行剖析，即《裸者与死者》中人与人之间的关系发生冲突和异化。本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。主要内容如下：第一部分是导论。导论部分主要介绍国内外对梅勒的研究状况以及对梅勒总体的综述。主要是对梅勒的生平和他的作品进行整体介绍，还有前人对梅勒和其作品的评价及本文研究的目的和意义。第二部分是正文，共分三章。第一章主要是关于本论文的理论依托及梅勒作品中存在主义的特点。第一章分为三个部分，其中第一部分概述了与本论文相关的，以萨特为代表的存在主义哲学理论。第二部分简述了梅勒作品体现出来的存在主义特点。在美国文学领域内，梅勒有自己独特的个性和文学思想，他的作品又表现了独特的美国式存在主义思想。第三部分分析了诺曼·梅勒代表作《裸者与死者》中所体现的存在主义。第二章将运用萨特的存在主义哲学来分析《裸者与死者》中人与人之间的冲突。第一部分讲述了人物自身的不和谐。兽性与理想在人物内心的搏斗，不同程度地存在于每一个人身上，梅勒将这种搏斗戏剧化的描写出来。第二部分主要论述集权主义和自由主义之间的冲突。梅勒分析了权力与人性的冲突，预言了战后集权主义的发展倾向。梅勒想通过小说的形式来批判和讽刺当代美国的病态社会，揭露了美国政治的腐败。第三部分主要讨论战争环境中人与自然的冲突。在战争中，通过人们不得不面临生命的危险，揭示人性中的善与恶的元素。第三章运用存在主义理论分析《裸者与死者》中人际关系的异化。该小说主要从三个方面来探析人际关系的异化，即军队中上级和下级关系的异化、同级士兵间的关系异化和男女两性关系（主要是夫妻关系)的异化。梅勒将二战后的美国社会比较全面地展现给读者，使读者更清楚地看到，军队中存在的问题也是美国的社会问题。最后一部分是结论，这部分主要对前文的分析进行总结，并点出本文的主旨。本论文将从一个新的理论角度出发，即萨特的存在主义哲学来分析《裸者与死者》中的人际关系的冲突和异化，从而更深层次的揭示人生存的意义。梅勒认为尽管人与人之间充满了各种冲突和矛盾，但是人们还是向往着一个比较光明的世界，因为人们的心灵中存在着永不消失的良知。很多的读者都认为小说的气氛和结局带有一种灰暗、阴沉的色彩，但梅勒就坚决不认为这部小说是悲观主义的，相反他认为这部小说是很想说明前途是大有希望的。作者想借助小说的形式来批判和讽刺当代美国的病态社会，揭露了美国的政治腐败，并且通过上述研究得出结论：战争与军事竞争已经将全世界的人们折磨得精疲力尽，世界再也经受不住战争带来的任何威胁，和平与安全对人们至关重要。这一切都具有重要的社会与政治意义。
[Abstract]:Norman Mailer is an important writer in the contemporary American literary world. He is a contemporary American novelist with great achievement and personality. He has written many brilliant works and won the Pulitzer prize for literature two times. He has a great influence on the American literary world and even the whole society. In the field of literature, Mailer has his own unique personality. In the field of philosophy, his works show unique American existentialism. < the naked and the deceased > is the masterpiece of Norman Mailer, one of the most classic war novels and the most controversial work since World War II. The great honor of this work in the field of world literature has made Norman Mailer a beauty. The famous writer of the country, "the naked and the dead", with the background of war, mainly reveals the reality that power makes man lose reason and human nature, and the war makes people become more greedy. This thesis tries to analyze the theme of the naked and the dead with the help of Sutter's Existentialism philosophy, that is, the conflict between the naked and the dead and the relationship between the man and the man. Dissimilation.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The first part is introduction. The introduction mainly introduces the research status of Mailer at home and abroad as well as the overall review of Mailer. It mainly introduces Mailer's life and his works, and the previous evaluation of Mailer and his works and the purpose and significance of this study.
The second part is the text, which is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter is mainly about the theoretical support of this thesis and the characteristics of Existentialism in Mailer's works. The first chapter is divided into three parts. The first part outlines the existentialist philosophical theory, which is related to this thesis, which is represented by Sutter. The second part describes the existentialism of Mailer's works. In the third part, the third part analyses the existentialism embodied in Norman Mailer's representative works, the naked and the dead.
The second chapter will use Sutter's existentialism philosophy to analyze the conflict between the naked and the dead. The first part is about the disharmony of the characters themselves. The fight between the beastly and the ideal in the character's heart, and to the different extent on everyone, Mailer describes the dramatic drama. The second part is mainly discussed. The conflict between centralism and liberalism. Mailer analyses the conflict between power and human nature and predicts the tendency of the development of postwar totalitarianism. Mailer wants to criticize and satirize the morbid society of contemporary America through the form of the novel and expose the corruption of American politics. The third part mainly discusses the conflict between man and nature in the war environment. In war, people have to face the danger of life and reveal the elements of good and evil in human nature.
The third chapter uses existentialism to analyze the alienation of interpersonal relationship between the naked and the dead. The novel mainly analyzes the alienation of interpersonal relations from three aspects, namely the alienation of superior and subordinate relations in the army, the alienation of the relationship between the soldiers at the same level and the alienation of the relationship between men and women (mainly husband wife relations). Mailer is the American society after World War II. It will be shown to readers in a more comprehensive way, so that readers can see clearly that the problems in the army are also social problems in the United States.
The last part is the conclusion, this part mainly summarizes the analysis of the previous article, and points out the theme of this article. This thesis will start from a new theoretical point of view, that is, Sutter's existentialism philosophy to analyze the conflict and alienation of the interpersonal relationship between the naked and the dead, so as to further reveal the significance of human existence. Mailer believes that although it is a great significance. There are various conflicts and contradictions between people and people, but people still yearn for a brighter world because there is a never disappearing conscience in the mind. Many readers think the atmosphere and ending of the novel have a dark, gloomy color, but Mailer does not think the novel is pessimistic, On the contrary, he thinks the novel is a great hope for the future. The author wants to criticize and satirize the morbid society of contemporary America by means of the novel and expose the political corruption in the United States, and the conclusion is that the war and the military competition have tortured the people of the world exhausted and the world is again Without any threat from war, peace and security are of great importance to people, all of which have important social and political significance.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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