《慈悲》与《宠儿》的伦理解读

发布时间：2018-06-28 03:46

本文选题：慈悲 + 宠儿　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：非裔美国女作家托尼·莫里森是美国文坛及世界文坛不可忽视的代表性人物。不仅是因为她于1993年10月获得诺贝尔文学奖,成为史上第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家,莫里森更以其独特的视角和极具魅力的文字征服了读者和评论界。纵观莫里森的九部小说,她的作品借助种族和性别身份的同时又实现了超越,将黑人文化重新再回评论界的视野。《慈悲》与《宠儿》两部小说的时代背景虽然不同,但是却有诸多相似之处。作品中的黑人女性所遭受的肉体苦难和内心煎熬是相似的,都体现了伦理观的遵守和背叛,莫里森也借此向读者展示了她对黑人女性成长的人文关怀与道德思考。伦理学属于道德哲学的一个分支,是多年来国内外学者研究的热点之一。莫里森的小说创作中也同样地不断拷问读者,爱、施与、责任,在黑人女性成长中的核心作用。由于伦理从共时和历时的双重维度可分为多个层面,本文仅从生存伦理、家庭伦理和人际伦理三个方面来对莫里森的《慈悲》和《宠儿》进行讨论和分析。本篇论文主要分为六个部分：第一章将分别介绍美国黑人女性文学的发展、莫里森的生平、莫里森的小说创作、《慈悲》及《宠儿》的情节以及国内外学者对莫里森作品的研究现状。第二章将提出本文的研究视角,即伦理批评。首先讨论了伦理与道德的区别、伦理学同文学的关系。其后论述伦理学的三个共时维度：生存伦理、家庭伦理和人际伦理同美国黑人的成长历程的关系以及在美国黑人文化发展和黑人社会中的体现。第三章至第五章主要探讨生存伦理、家庭伦理和人际伦理在《慈悲》与《宠儿》中是如何展现出来的。首先对比分析了《慈悲》和《宠儿》中黑人尤其是黑人女性的生存状况,两部作品中均出现的黑人母亲杀女弃女的极端行径所揭露的生存伦理表达；124号中的母女关系和奴隶主雅各布的农场中的家庭伦理关系,以及母亲角色的缺失和疏远对黑人女孩自我意识的影响；最后从人际伦理角度出发讨论了两部小说中黑人女性在自我成长和救赎的过程中黑人社会和文化带来的羁绊与矛盾。最后一章是结论部分。在此将对《慈悲》和《宠儿》中的生存伦理、家庭伦理及人际伦理的分析论述加以总结,在不同的历史背景下成长的黑人女性虽然人身自由但是内心依然深陷在道德困境和伦理扭曲之中。通过以伦理学角度分析《慈悲》与《宠儿》,为日后莫里森研究以及黑人女性主义研究打开了崭新的视角,亦为当代黑人女性的生存和发展提出建设性方向和更深层次的思考。
[Abstract]:African American writer Tony Morrison is a representative figure in American literature and the world. Not only did she win the Nobel Prize for Literature in October 1993, becoming the first black woman writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, Morrison conquered the readers and critics with her unique perspective and charismatic writing. Throughout the nine novels of Morrison, her works have achieved transcendence with the help of race and gender identity, bringing black culture back to the critical field of view. The background of the two novels is different, though the two novels are different. But there are many similarities. The physical suffering and inner suffering suffered by the black women in the works are similar and both embody the observance and betrayal of ethics. Morrison also shows readers her humanistic care and moral thinking about the growth of black women. Ethics, a branch of moral philosophy, has been one of the hot topics of scholars at home and abroad for many years. Morrison's novels also continue to torture readers, love, give, responsibility, in the growth of black women's core role. Since ethics can be divided into several levels from the two dimensions of synchronic and diachronic, this paper discusses and analyzes Morrison's Mercy and beloved only from three aspects: survival ethics, family ethics and interpersonal ethics. This thesis is divided into six parts: the first chapter will introduce the development of American black women's literature, the life of Morrison, Morrison's novel creation, the plot of Mercy and beloved, and the current situation of research on Morrison's works by domestic and foreign scholars. The second chapter will put forward the research angle of this article, namely ethics criticism. First, it discusses the difference between ethics and morality, and the relationship between ethics and literature. Then it discusses the three synchronic dimensions of ethics: survival ethics, family ethics and interpersonal ethics, and the relationship between them and the development of black American culture and the embodiment of black society. The third to fifth chapters mainly discuss the existence ethics, family ethics and interpersonal ethics in "mercy" and "beloved" how to show. Firstly, the author compares and analyzes the living conditions of black women, especially black women, in "Mercy" and "beloved". The extreme behaviors of black mothers killing girls and abandoning their daughters are exposed in the two works. The relationship between mother and daughter in 124 and the family ethics in Jacob's farm, and the influence of the lack and alienation of the mother's role on the self-consciousness of black girls; Finally, from the perspective of interpersonal ethics, this paper discusses the fetters and contradictions brought by black society and culture in the process of self-growth and redemption of black women in the two novels. The last chapter is the conclusion. In this paper, we will summarize the analysis and exposition of survival ethics, family ethics and interpersonal ethics in "mercy" and "beloved". Black women who grew up in different historical backgrounds are still trapped in moral dilemma and ethical distortion although their personal freedom. By analyzing Mercy and beloved from an ethical point of view, this paper opens up a new perspective for Morrison's study and black feminism, and puts forward a constructive direction and deeper thinking for the survival and development of contemporary black women.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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