原型批评视阈中的《愤怒的葡萄》

发布时间：2018-06-28 15:09

本文选题：斯坦贝克 + 《愤怒的葡萄》　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：斯坦贝克以其充满现实主义和富于想象的创作、富于同情的幽默和对社会敏锐的观察荣获了1962年的诺贝尔文学奖。这一点尤其体现在他的代表作《愤怒的葡萄》中。这部小说之所以成为一部美国当时社会真实反映的史诗性纪事,主要是因为小说中圣经原型广泛而熟练的使用。本文以诺斯诺普·弗莱等人的原型批评理论为依据,探讨了《圣经》中的叙事结构、人物和意象原型在《愤怒的葡萄》的具体体现,展现了《愤怒的葡萄》恒久的艺术魅力和深刻的历史意义。引言部分首先介绍简要介绍了与约翰·斯坦贝克相关的背景知识；然后分析了国内外对《愤怒的葡萄》的研究现状；同时阐述了本文的理论视角,即原型批评理论。第一章分析了《愤怒的葡萄》中的叙事结构原型。《愤怒的葡萄》正是以《圣经》中以色列人的故事尤其是在《出埃及记》中的故事框架为原型,向人们展现了一个从幸福和谐生活逐渐跌落到悲惨生活低谷,最后又看到了充满希望的未来的U型叙事结构。通过克服为生活和梦想而经历的种种困难和障碍后,这些贫困移民终于慢慢认识到只有通过集体努力,才能经受住残酷现实的考验,从痛苦中得到救赎。第二章探讨《愤怒的葡萄》中的人物原型。在《愤怒的葡萄》中,吉姆·凯西、汤姆·乔德和罗撒香三人都以《圣经》中耶稣基督为原型。耶稣基督这一原型在《愤怒的葡萄》中这三位主人公身上的对应关系表明：《圣经》中博爱、救赎、互助互利的集体主义精神在小说得到了充分的展现并且得到了新的诠释,被注入了新的活力,他们已经升华为一种革命主义精神及牺牲“小我”成全“大我”的精神。第三章探讨小说中的意象原型。《愤怒的葡萄》中很多意象都可以在《圣经》中找到对应的原型。这些意象的原型分析反映了美国残酷而丑陋的社会现实,同时也反映了这些贫苦移民为梦想所遭受的痛苦折磨。因此,通过这些意象,斯坦贝克揭露了当时美国社会的黑暗,无情地鞭挞了美国的社会、经济及政治制度对人们“美国梦”的残酷粉碎。斯坦贝克在《愤怒的葡萄》中大量使用《圣经》原型,大大丰富和扩充了小说的思想内涵,使这部优秀的现实主义作品具有极高的社会价值。本文通过详细分析《愤怒的葡萄》中的叙事结构原型、人物原型和意象原型,挖掘出了小说深刻的内涵及现实意义,即：只有依靠集体主义和互助互爱的精神,人类才能在肉体上和精神上得到救赎和重生。
[Abstract]:Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for Literature for his realistic and imaginative works, sympathetic humor and keen observation of society. This is especially true in his masterpiece, the Grapes of Wrath. The reason why this novel became a poetic chronicle of American society at that time was mainly due to the extensive and skillful use of the biblical archetype in the novel. Based on the archetypal criticism theory of Northrop Frye and others, this paper discusses the narrative structure, characters and image archetypes in the Grapes of Wrath. The Grapes of Wrath shows its enduring artistic charm and profound historical significance. The introduction first introduces the background knowledge related to John Steinbeck, and then analyzes the current research situation of Grapes of Wrath at home and abroad. At the same time, it expounds the theoretical perspective of this paper, that is, the archetypal criticism theory. The first chapter analyzes the archetypes of the narrative structure in the Grapes of Wrath. The Grapes of Wrath is based on the story of the Israelites in the Bible, especially in Exodus. It shows us a U-shaped narrative structure from a happy and harmonious life to a miserable life and finally to a promising future. After overcoming the difficulties and obstacles to life and dreams, these poor immigrants have come to realize that only through collective efforts can they stand the test of cruel reality and be redeemed from suffering. Chapter two explores the archetypes of the characters in the Grapes of Wrath. In the Grapes of Wrath, Jim Casey, Tom Jode, and Lazarus are all based on Jesus Christ in the Bible. The corresponding relationship between the three protagonists in the prototype of Jesus Christ in the Grapes of Wrath shows that the collective spirit of fraternity, redemption, and mutual benefit in the Bible is fully displayed and newly interpreted in the novel. Infused with new vitality, they have been sublimated into a revolutionary spirit and the sacrifice of the ego to become the great self. Chapter three discusses the archetypes in the novel. Many of the images in Grapes of Wrath can be found in the Bible. The archetypal analysis of these images reflects the cruel and ugly social reality of the United States, as well as the suffering of these poor immigrants for their dreams. Therefore, through these images, Steinbeck exposed the darkness of American society at that time, and mercilessly castigated the cruel crushing of American social, economic and political systems to people's "American dream". Steinbeck's extensive use of the Biblical archetypes in the Grapes of Wrath greatly enriches and expands the ideological connotation of the novel and makes this excellent realistic work of great social value. Through the detailed analysis of the narrative structure prototype, character prototype and image prototype in the Grapes of Wrath, this paper excavates the profound connotation and practical significance of the novel, that is, only relying on the spirit of collectivism and mutual help and love. Only human beings can be redeemed and reborn physically and spiritually.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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