凝视权力的牺牲品—分析《问题的核心》中的斯考比

发布时间：2018-07-10 03:23

本文选题：《问题的核心》 + 斯考　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：格雷厄姆·格林是20世纪著名的英国小说家,他的作品涉及小说、剧本、评论、传记、儿童文学等题材,先后二十一次被提名为诺贝尔文学奖。《问题的核心》这部小说是其代表作之一,曾经获得1948年的詹姆斯·泰特·布莱克纪念奖。自从小说出版以来,国内外学者对该作品表示出浓厚的兴趣,其研究主要集中在作品的宗教主题、人文关怀和叙事策略等方面。而本文则主要从福柯的权力凝视角度,探讨书中的男主人公斯考比的悲剧结局。福柯的权力凝视理论认为,权力是微观层面的一张网络,或者是权力关系。为了确保权力自动有效的运作,福柯在其《规训与惩罚》中论述了全景式敞视式监狱的模型使被囚禁者处于不断被观察的状态,并在其身上造成一种有意识并且持续的可见状态,从而确保权力自动地发挥作用。在《问题的核心》这部小说中,西非殖民地犹如一所全景式敞视式监狱,身在其中的斯考比作为副专员,权力要求其履行职责凝视当地居民、走私犯、自己的下属；同时作为丈夫,他也在无时无刻地观察着自己的妻子。但是,根据权力凝视理论,任何人都可以登上全景式敞视式监狱的眺望塔,在暗处观察。因此,斯考比在凝视其他人的同时,也被其他人所凝视。在小说中,他分别受到上帝、密探威尔逊、妻子路易斯、情人海伦、奸商尤塞夫等人的凝视。虽然斯考比具有反侦察的意识,但是,在众多目光的注视下,他还是走上了犯罪、渎神的道路。最终,斯考比为了寻求解脱,以自杀的方式结束了自己的生命,沦为了权力凝视的牺牲品。论文除序论与结论外,共由四章构成。在序论中,笔者简要介绍了作家格雷厄姆·格林及其主要作品,概述了《问题的核心》这部小说的故事情节,并且分别对国内外学者对于格林和《问题的核心》的研究进行了文献综述。第一章集中介绍了福柯的权力凝视理论,重点对其全景式敞视式监狱模型理论进行梳理。第二、三章从福柯的权力凝视理论出发,分别探讨了作为殖民地副专员的斯考比是如何行使自己的权利,去凝视他人而同时又受着他人的监视。第二章探讨的是,斯考比作为权力的凝视者,诚实正直,严格要求下属,维持着殖民地的良好治安,并且努力打击走私犯罪；作为丈夫,他对妻子的凝视充满的责任感,努力满足妻子的物质和精神要求。第三章审视的是,斯考比作为被权力凝视的对象,不断的受到来自上帝、密探威尔逊、妻子路易斯、情人海伦、奸商尤塞夫等人的凝视。第四章着重讨论了斯考比对于外界凝视的无果的反抗,最终沦为了权力凝视的牺牲品。笔者指出,除了外界的凝视外,斯考比过分的同情心也是其沦为权力凝视受害者的重要原因。最后部分得出结论,斯考比的可悲下场说明了权力凝视是把双刃剑,在观察他人的同时,每个身处全景式敞视式监狱的人,每时每刻都受到来自他人的凝视；斯考比的悲剧结果对现代人起到一个很好的警示作用。
[Abstract]:Graham Green is a famous British novelist in twentieth Century. His works involve novels, scripts, comments, biographies, and children's literature. They have been nominated twenty-one times as the Nobel prize for literature. "The core of the question" is one of the masterpieces of the novel, which has won the James Tate Black Memorial Prize in 1948. Since the edition, scholars at home and abroad have expressed a strong interest in this work. The research mainly focuses on the religious theme of the works, the humanistic care and the narrative strategy. This article mainly discusses the tragic ending of the male protagonist in the book from the angle of Foucault's power gaze.
Foucault's theory of power gaze holds that power is a network or power relationship at the micro level. In order to ensure the automatic and effective operation of power, Foucault describes the model of the panoramic open prison in his "discipline and punishment" to make the prisoner in the state of constant observation and cause a conscious and holding on it. In the core of the question, the West African colonies are like a panoramic open prison in which the smithy is a deputy commissioner, and the power requires it to perform his duties and gaze at the local residents, smugglers, and their subordinates; and as a husband, he is also in no time. He looked at his wife carvently. But, according to the power gaze theory, anyone could go up to the panoramic view tower and watch it in the dark. So, as he stared at the others, he was also stared by others. In the novel, he was given to God, the spy Wilson, the wife Lewis, the lover Helen, the profiteer. Saif et al. Stare. Although sicby has the consciousness of anti reconnaissance, but under the gaze of many eyes, he is still on the way of crime and delinquency. In the end, sicby ended his life in the way of suicide for the sake of liberation and fell victim to the gaze of power.
In addition to the preface and conclusion, the thesis consists of four chapters.
In the preface, the author briefly introduces the writer Graham Green and his main works, outlines the plot of the core of the "question", and makes a literature review of the scholars at home and abroad on the core of Green and the "core" of the "question".
The first chapter focuses on Foucault's theory of power gaze, focusing on its panoramic open prison model theory. The second, third chapter, starting with Foucault's theory of power gaze, discusses how the stare as a colonialist Deputy Commissioner is to exercise his rights, gaze at others and be monitored by others. The two chapter discusses that, as a gaze of power, he is honest, honest, strictly demanding, maintaining good public security in the colonies, and strives to combat smuggling; as a husband, he is full of responsibility to his wife's gaze, and tries to satisfy his wife's material and spiritual requirements. The third chapter examines that the stall is the coagulant of power. The object of view is constantly subject to the gaze of God, spy Wilson, wife Lewis, lover Helen, and profiteer Yousef, and so on. The fourth chapter focuses on the non frugal rebellion of spagby's gaze to the external gaze, and eventually falls into the victim of the gaze of power. It has become an important cause of power stare at the victims.
The last part draws the conclusion that sadly, the stare of power is a double-edged sword. While observing others, every man in a panoramic open prison is gaze at every moment from another; the tragic result of sago is a good warning to the modern man.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】