《法国中尉的女人》的解构主义解读
发布时间：2018-09-05 10:00
【摘要】：约翰·福尔斯是二十世纪英国重要的小说家，，在世界文坛上享有盛誉。他不仅代表着英国文学的转折点，更象征着西方文学批评的过渡。他的代表作《法国中尉的女人》自1969年出版以来就因其独特的创作技巧和艺术成就，获得了学术界的普遍赞誉。小说从20世纪的高度来反观19世纪维多利亚的英国社会，其艺术精髓不仅体现在对传统的彻底颠覆，更凸显了传统与创新的完美融合。作为一部具有后现代主义色彩的小说，其解构主义特征极其明显。本文拟从解构主义角度出发，以小说文本中作者与读者之间二元对立关系的解构和萨拉的主体性对男性话语权的解构为切入点，探寻福尔斯观察世界的独特性并进一步探讨其作品给处于现实社会困境中的现代人的启示。 本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。主要内容如下： 第一部分是导论。导论部分简要概述国内外对约翰·福尔斯及其作品的研究现状，在一定程度上进行分析梳理,并论述本文的研究意义和目的。解构主义理论方法论意义十分突出，对《法国中尉的女人》的解构主义解读有着深刻的学术价值和现实意义。 第二部分是正文，由四章组成： 第一章主要引入解构主义理论的基本原理作为论文研究的理论基础，综述解构主义理论的起源和发展，重点阐述解构主义理论在文学作品中的应用。作为法国后结构主义哲学家德里达所创立的批评学派，解构主义颠覆了逻各斯中心主义的思想传统，主张打破二元对立形而上学的思维方式，再创造更为合理的秩序。 第二章重点阐述《法国中尉的女人》对作者与读者之间二元对立关系的解构，进一步将解构策略付诸实践，更为具体地展示解构主义思想。在《法国中尉的女人》中福尔斯不再是全知全能的作者，而是邀请读者涉入到虚构的故事中来，成为小说自觉的创作者和消费者。小说通过讽刺性的第一人称叙事者、开放性的故事结局、以及历史的使用在小说中的具体运用说明作者和读者的关系处于平行状态，为解构作者与读者二元对立关系提供了注解。 第三章以分析小说的女主人公萨拉的主体性为平台，以传统维多利亚价值观为背景和参照，论述萨拉的主体性对男性话语权的解构。在传统的维多利亚价值观里，男性是主体的拯救者，女性是客体的等待救赎者。本章通过探讨萨拉这一叛逆的女性形象，表达她坚持捍卫女性主体性的决心，这是对维多利亚时代的男性话语权的有力颠覆。 第四章探讨福尔斯以现代人的眼光，对维多利亚社会、意识形态以及传统小说的主题思想的重新建构。一方面，萨拉通过一系列的设计、选择和行动使自己从自我放逐到自我解脱，最终获得存在的意义；另一方面，萨拉在寻求自我解脱和自由的过程中帮助查尔斯意识到自己所恪守的维多利亚道德观念的虚伪性和失去的自由，并引导查尔斯摆脱社会和历史的羁绊，走上自由选择和独立之路。 最后一部分是结论。结论通过对前四部分的回顾和串联点出本文的主旨，让读者深入地了解小说蕴含的解构主义思想，并把解构主义深入到人性角度进行探索，启迪我们的人生。品读小说即品读人生，所以在品读小说中的二元对立关系的同时，也让我们在面对现实社会的困境时能不断的挑战自己，勇敢地去追求属于自己的自由与独立。
[Abstract]:John Fowles, an important British novelist in the 20th century, is well-known in the world literary world. He not only represents the turning point of English literature, but also symbolizes the transition of western literary criticism. From the height of the 20th century, the novel reflects the 19th century Victorian society in Britain. Its artistic essence not only reflects the thorough subversion of tradition, but also highlights the perfect integration of tradition and innovation. As a novel with the color of post-modernism, its deconstructive characteristics are extremely obvious. From the perspective of the deconstruction of the binary opposition between the author and the reader and Sarah's subjectivity to the male discourse, this paper explores the uniqueness of Fowles'observation of the world and further explores the Enlightenment of his works to the modern people in the dilemma of real society.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The first part is the introduction. The introduction briefly summarizes the research status of John Fowles and his works at home and abroad, analyzes and sorts them out to a certain extent, and discusses the significance and purpose of this study. Value and practical significance.
The second part is the main body and consists of four chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the basic principles of deconstruction theory as the theoretical basis for the study of the thesis, reviews the origin and development of deconstruction theory, and focuses on the application of deconstruction theory in literary works. The ideological tradition of righteousness advocates breaking the thinking mode of dualistic opposition metaphysics and creating a more reasonable order.
Chapter Two focuses on the deconstruction of the dualistic opposition between the author and the reader in The French Lieutenant's Woman, and further puts the deconstruction strategy into practice to show the deconstructive thought more concretely. Through the use of ironic first-person narrators, open-ended story endings, and history, the novel shows that the relationship between the author and the reader is in a parallel state, providing a note for deconstructing the binary opposition between the author and the reader.
Chapter Three, based on the analysis of Sarah's subjectivity and the traditional Victorian values, discusses Sarah's deconstruction of the male discourse. In the traditional Victorian values, men are the Salvators of the subject and women are the Salvators of the object. The Rebellious Female Image expresses her determination to defend female subjectivity, which is a powerful subversion of the Victorian male discourse.
In Chapter Four, Fowles reconstructs the theme of Victorian society, ideology and traditional novels from a modern perspective. On the one hand, Sarah chooses and acts through a series of designs to make herself from self-exile to self-liberation, and ultimately gains the meaning of being; on the other hand, Sarah seeks self-liberation and reconciliation. In the process of freedom, Charles was helped to realize the hypocrisy and the lost freedom of the Victorian moral concept he adhered to, and to lead Charles out of the fetters of society and history and onto the road of free choice and independence.
The last part is the conclusion. Through reviewing and concatenating the first four parts, the author points out the main idea of this paper, so that readers can deeply understand the deconstruction thought contained in the novel, and explore the deconstruction from the angle of human nature, so as to enlighten our life. At the same time, let us in the face of the plight of real society can constantly challenge themselves, courageously to pursue their own freedom and independence.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2223939
[Abstract]:John Fowles, an important British novelist in the 20th century, is well-known in the world literary world. He not only represents the turning point of English literature, but also symbolizes the transition of western literary criticism. From the height of the 20th century, the novel reflects the 19th century Victorian society in Britain. Its artistic essence not only reflects the thorough subversion of tradition, but also highlights the perfect integration of tradition and innovation. As a novel with the color of post-modernism, its deconstructive characteristics are extremely obvious. From the perspective of the deconstruction of the binary opposition between the author and the reader and Sarah's subjectivity to the male discourse, this paper explores the uniqueness of Fowles'observation of the world and further explores the Enlightenment of his works to the modern people in the dilemma of real society.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The first part is the introduction. The introduction briefly summarizes the research status of John Fowles and his works at home and abroad, analyzes and sorts them out to a certain extent, and discusses the significance and purpose of this study. Value and practical significance.
The second part is the main body and consists of four chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the basic principles of deconstruction theory as the theoretical basis for the study of the thesis, reviews the origin and development of deconstruction theory, and focuses on the application of deconstruction theory in literary works. The ideological tradition of righteousness advocates breaking the thinking mode of dualistic opposition metaphysics and creating a more reasonable order.
Chapter Two focuses on the deconstruction of the dualistic opposition between the author and the reader in The French Lieutenant's Woman, and further puts the deconstruction strategy into practice to show the deconstructive thought more concretely. Through the use of ironic first-person narrators, open-ended story endings, and history, the novel shows that the relationship between the author and the reader is in a parallel state, providing a note for deconstructing the binary opposition between the author and the reader.
Chapter Three, based on the analysis of Sarah's subjectivity and the traditional Victorian values, discusses Sarah's deconstruction of the male discourse. In the traditional Victorian values, men are the Salvators of the subject and women are the Salvators of the object. The Rebellious Female Image expresses her determination to defend female subjectivity, which is a powerful subversion of the Victorian male discourse.
In Chapter Four, Fowles reconstructs the theme of Victorian society, ideology and traditional novels from a modern perspective. On the one hand, Sarah chooses and acts through a series of designs to make herself from self-exile to self-liberation, and ultimately gains the meaning of being; on the other hand, Sarah seeks self-liberation and reconciliation. In the process of freedom, Charles was helped to realize the hypocrisy and the lost freedom of the Victorian moral concept he adhered to, and to lead Charles out of the fetters of society and history and onto the road of free choice and independence.
The last part is the conclusion. Through reviewing and concatenating the first four parts, the author points out the main idea of this paper, so that readers can deeply understand the deconstruction thought contained in the novel, and explore the deconstruction from the angle of human nature, so as to enlighten our life. At the same time, let us in the face of the plight of real society can constantly challenge themselves, courageously to pursue their own freedom and independence.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
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