奥康纳短篇小说中的怪诞角色

发布时间：2018-11-05 09:16

【摘要】：奥康纳是20世纪美国南方继福克纳之后最重要的一位作家,其一生共创作了2部长篇和31部短篇小说。受到宗教启蒙,以及目睹经历精神幻灭的战后南方现状,奥康纳以旁观者的冷峻目光将二战后美国南方精神幻灭的荒原景象阐述得淋漓尽致。通过描述在凄凉南方背景下残缺身心的怪诞人群,令人意想不到的暴力和死亡等夸张情节,她在剖露南方泛滥的人性堕落的同时,试图去唤醒麻木的人性来关注其生存现状,做出改变。怪诞是奥康纳作品中比较突出的风格。正常人格缺失的荒诞人物,戏剧性的情节进展,尤其因那突如其来的暴力和死亡结局而倍受争议。但现实中的她是否如外界所称“冷酷无情,仇视人类”?小说中时不时出现的让人憾栗的讽刺与幽默,是否仅仅为了取得暂时的冲击效果? 本文将紧紧围绕其主要短篇小说代表作,《好人难寻》、《善良的乡下人》、《上升的一切必将汇合》、《背井离乡的人》等分析奥康纳笔下的三类主要怪诞角色。角色代表之一是受欺负的寡妇受害者形象,其遭遇揭示了作品中女性的生存困境,除了受自以为是的优越感困扰,她们还时常受到任性儿女的挑战,最终幻想破灭,甚至付出生命的代价,不得不接受残酷的现实。第二类是任性的孩子形象,包括成年孩童者,接受教育后极力摆脱上帝束缚,目无权重的骄傲知识分子,最后却仍是心智不成熟的母亲庇佑下的孩子;也包括真实年龄的儿童,缺少家庭社会关爱衍生出不符合年龄的成熟与预感,对现实失望采取极端方式期待到另一世界找寻温暖的真实依靠。最后是双重人格的闯入者,挣扎于内心自我秩序与外部残酷现实的困境中,在打破原有安稳秩序时,也带来了灾难。不同于乔伊斯笔下难以逃离的瘫痪的都柏林人,舍伍德·安德森塑造的真实生活下小镇畸人的寂寞灵魂,奥康纳心目中的怪诞形象的产生有着深刻的背景。生活在战争阴影中的南方社会,除了奥康纳一生笃定的宗教信仰,南方文学的传统,战后的南方社会现实,她个人病痛折磨也对其人生观以及写作观产生了极大影响。本文将采用文本细读为主,紧密联系作者创作时期的社会历史角度的论证方法,紧扣小说,分析其笔下独特的三类怪诞角色形象,试图减少并消除外界对于奥康纳怪诞风格的偏见,引起当下社会重视“怪诞人物”的内心问题,了解其创造此类人物实则为唤醒国人麻木心灵的真实愿景,全面展示美国南方社会精神幻灭的荒原景象,揭示现代美国人的生活境况。
[Abstract]:O'Connor was one of the most important writers in the 20 ~ (th) century after Faulkner. He wrote two long novels and 31 short stories in his life. Inspired by religion and seeing the present situation of the postwar South after the spiritual disillusionment O'Connor described the desolate landscape of the American South after World War II with the stern eyes of the bystanders. By describing the bizarre people, unexpected violence and death in the background of the desolate South, she tries to awaken the numb human nature to pay attention to its present existence while revealing the rampant depravity of human nature in the South. Make a change. Grotesque is a more prominent style in O'Connor 's works. The absurd character of normal personality loss, dramatic plot development, especially because of the sudden violence and death outcome and controversy. But is she, as the outside world calls it, "ruthless, hostile to human beings"? Is the chilling irony and humor in the novel just for the sake of a temporary impact? This paper will focus on his masterpieces of short stories, "good people are hard to find", "good country people", "rising everything will converge", "the people who have left their homes", and so on to analyze the three main types of strange characters in O'Connor 's works. One of the role representatives is the image of victims of bullying widows, whose experiences reveal the plight of women in their works. In addition to being plagued by a sense of self-righteous superiority, they are often challenged by wayward children and finally disillusioned. Even pay the price of life, have to accept the cruel reality. The second is the image of capricious children, including adult children who, after being educated, try their best to get rid of the bondage of God and have no weight of proud intellectuals, but at the end they are still children under the protection of immature mothers; It also includes children of real age, the lack of family and social care gives rise to a sense of maturity and premonition that does not correspond to the age, and takes an extreme approach to realistic disappointment in order to look to the other world for a warm real dependency. Finally, the intruder of dual personality, struggling in the predicament of inner self order and external cruel reality, also brings disaster when breaking the original stable order. Different from the paralyzed Dubliners described by Joyce, Sherwood Anderson portrays the lonely soul of the strange people in the small town under the real life, and O'Connor has a profound background for the emergence of the strange image in his mind. The Southern society living in the shadow of war, in addition to O'Connor 's religious beliefs, the tradition of Southern literature and the reality of the post-war Southern society, her personal suffering also had a great impact on her outlook on life and her outlook on writing. This paper will adopt the argumentation method of close connection with the social and historical angle of the author's writing period, and close to the novel, and analyze the unique three kinds of strange character images in his works, which are mainly in the close reading of the text and closely related to the social and historical perspectives of the author. Trying to reduce and eliminate the outside bias against O'Connor 's grotesque style, draw the attention of the present society to the inner problems of "weird people", understand that its creation of such characters is the real vision to awaken the Chinese people to numb their hearts. A comprehensive display of the spiritual disillusionment of the southern American wasteland, revealing the living conditions of modern Americans.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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