作家的局限与良知：《黑暗之心》中人性的新历史主义分析
发布时间：2018-11-22 17:09
【摘要】：迄今为止,学者们已经从道德批评、政治研究、原型批评、女权主义批评、叙事技巧分析、文化和后殖民研究等各个不同的视角对《黑暗之心》加以研究,但从新历史主义的角度来剖析《黑暗之心》的却不多见。 本文通过对《黑暗之心》中库兹堕落问题的探索,用新历史主义的方法阐释了康拉德在创作该小说时表现出来的两面性,既有缺陷,也有作为一名作家的良知。为了系统地阐释该观点,本文首先批驳了库兹堕落的两个原因:Marianna Torgovnich等人提出的原始仪式诱惑论和康拉德的信仰缺失观。本文认为库兹的堕落源于他的信仰混乱,而这种混乱深深根植于以侵略扩张为目的的帝国的意识形态。从新历史主义视角分析,康拉德早就知道了这一事实,在小说中,他颠覆了英国政府应对国内危机的政策,给种族优越论和文明使命论以沉重打击。然而,由于某些现实因素,在处理库兹的堕落问题上,康拉德把原因归咎于他自身的信仰缺失,而回避了帝国意识形态造成的信仰混乱这一事实,在帝国主义对人性造成的恶劣影响方面康拉德则保持了沉默,没有说出库兹堕落的根源。他反帝的不坚定性主要体现在他对人性的模糊描写和未说出的人性。这一点充分说明了康拉德对帝国主义意识形态的包容和巩固,也体现了他创作小说时的局限。值得庆幸的是,康拉德仍然不失为一位有良知和社会责任感的作家,在对帝国主义意识形态完全失望后,他在小说中提出了以理性克制和不断自省来防止人的堕落,这一方法富有实际意义。 本文的主要贡献在于用新历史主义的方法深入剖析《黑暗之心》中很少有人提到的“库兹为什么堕落”的问题,并提出库兹堕落的根源在于帝国主义侵略扩张的意识形态,推翻了原有的“原始仪式诱惑论”和“自身信仰缺乏论”。同时阐述了康拉德在创作该小说时表现出来的双重性,既有缺陷又有良知,并且认为康拉德作为一名有良知的作家,他提出的用理性克制和不断自省的方法来对抗人类的堕落,会对英国当时社会的道德提升起到一定的促进作用,并且到今天也仍然意义重大。
[Abstract]:So far, scholars have studied Heart of Darkness from a variety of perspectives: moral criticism, political research, archetypal criticism, feminist criticism, narrative analysis, cultural and post-colonial studies. But it is rare to analyze the Heart of Darkness from the perspective of New historicism. Through the exploration of Kuz's depravity in Heart of Darkness, this paper, by using the method of New historicism, explains Conrad's dual character in writing the novel, which has its defects as well as its conscience as a writer. In order to explain this view systematically, this paper first refutes the original ritual temptation theory and Conrad's belief loss theory proposed by: Marianna Torgovnich et al. This paper argues that Kuz's depravity originates from his religious confusion, which is deeply rooted in the ideology of the empire aimed at invasion and expansion. From the perspective of New historicism, Conrad knows this fact for a long time. In his novel, he subverts the British government's policy to deal with the domestic crisis, and deals a heavy blow to the theory of racial superiority and the theory of civilized mission. However, because of some practical factors, Conrad blames his own lack of faith in dealing with the fall of Kuz, and avoids the fact that the faith confusion caused by the ideology of the Empire. Conrad remained silent on the bad effects of imperialism on humanity, failing to say the root cause of Kuz's fall. His anti-imperialist infirmity is mainly reflected in his vague description of human nature and unspoken human nature. This fully illustrates Conrad's tolerance and consolidation of imperialist ideology and his limitations in his novels. Fortunately, Conrad is still a writer with a sense of conscience and a sense of social responsibility. After being completely disappointed with the imperialist ideology, he puts forward in his novels rational restraint and constant introspection to prevent the depravity of human beings. This method is of practical significance. The main contribution of this paper lies in the deep analysis of the "why Kuz degenerates", which is rarely mentioned in the Heart of Darkness, by using the method of new historicism, and it is pointed out that the root of Kuz's depravity lies in the ideology of imperialist aggression and expansion. It overturns the original theory of primordial ritual temptation and the theory of lack of one's own belief. At the same time, it expounds the duality of Conrad's creation of the novel, which has both defects and conscience, and thinks that Conrad, as a writer with conscience, puts forward the method of rational restraint and constant introspection to confront the depravity of mankind. It will promote the moral improvement of the British society, and it still means a lot to this day.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2350003
[Abstract]:So far, scholars have studied Heart of Darkness from a variety of perspectives: moral criticism, political research, archetypal criticism, feminist criticism, narrative analysis, cultural and post-colonial studies. But it is rare to analyze the Heart of Darkness from the perspective of New historicism. Through the exploration of Kuz's depravity in Heart of Darkness, this paper, by using the method of New historicism, explains Conrad's dual character in writing the novel, which has its defects as well as its conscience as a writer. In order to explain this view systematically, this paper first refutes the original ritual temptation theory and Conrad's belief loss theory proposed by: Marianna Torgovnich et al. This paper argues that Kuz's depravity originates from his religious confusion, which is deeply rooted in the ideology of the empire aimed at invasion and expansion. From the perspective of New historicism, Conrad knows this fact for a long time. In his novel, he subverts the British government's policy to deal with the domestic crisis, and deals a heavy blow to the theory of racial superiority and the theory of civilized mission. However, because of some practical factors, Conrad blames his own lack of faith in dealing with the fall of Kuz, and avoids the fact that the faith confusion caused by the ideology of the Empire. Conrad remained silent on the bad effects of imperialism on humanity, failing to say the root cause of Kuz's fall. His anti-imperialist infirmity is mainly reflected in his vague description of human nature and unspoken human nature. This fully illustrates Conrad's tolerance and consolidation of imperialist ideology and his limitations in his novels. Fortunately, Conrad is still a writer with a sense of conscience and a sense of social responsibility. After being completely disappointed with the imperialist ideology, he puts forward in his novels rational restraint and constant introspection to prevent the depravity of human beings. This method is of practical significance. The main contribution of this paper lies in the deep analysis of the "why Kuz degenerates", which is rarely mentioned in the Heart of Darkness, by using the method of new historicism, and it is pointed out that the root of Kuz's depravity lies in the ideology of imperialist aggression and expansion. It overturns the original theory of primordial ritual temptation and the theory of lack of one's own belief. At the same time, it expounds the duality of Conrad's creation of the novel, which has both defects and conscience, and thinks that Conrad, as a writer with conscience, puts forward the method of rational restraint and constant introspection to confront the depravity of mankind. It will promote the moral improvement of the British society, and it still means a lot to this day.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I561.074
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