论福克纳小说中的死亡

发布时间：2018-11-24 07:29

【摘要】：福克纳小说中有诸多的人物走向了死亡。考察这些死去的人物我们会发现,福克纳没有描写人物对死亡的体验,而是向我们展现了逝去的人的生命状况。他小说中有四类人物以不同方式的走向了死亡,他们的生存状态都在不同程度上表达了作者对人性之中罪恶的忧虑和批判。同时,福克纳的世界里死亡并不意味着消亡和毁灭,他像其他伟大的作家一样积极的探寻人类的出路。第一类死去的人物可以称为“罪恶的奴仆”,他们或者沉浸在性欲中不能自拔,或者被怨恨和愤怒吞吃。这类人物中还有一种人,他们虽然没有死去,却在对待自己亲人的死亡时表现出人类自私自利的丑陋面目,他们的灵魂是虚空的。这些人的生命让我们看到人性中的黑暗。第二类人物象征着人类恶的极致,他们有的充满贪欲,所做的一切事都为物质的利益；有的则是邪恶的代表,所做的事情达到了邪恶的顶峰。这类人让我们看到失去了价值标准的人将会做出怎样的恶事。第三类人物的共同点是无法进行祷告,他们需要并且知道要到上帝那里得到安慰,但他们没有到上帝那里去,最后在空虚和心灵的折磨中死去。这些人物让我们看到离弃信仰的可怕。第四类人物的代表是昆丁,他的理想是在在世找到绝对的“纯真”,重回伊甸园的美好,却发现现实根本没有这种“绝对”,便义无反顾的走向了死亡。昆丁的悲剧在于他找寻“纯真”的道路出了问题,这个问题也象征着现代人与上帝隔离后的孤独和无助。福克纳不仅仅向我们展示了这些死去的人的生命的荒芜,他还塑造了一系列美好的人物：莉娜自然淳朴,虽被情人抛弃,却仍旧乐观、坚韧,怀着美好的希望接纳自己的情人并踏上找寻他的路途；艾萨克·麦卡斯林深信是上帝创造了世界,上帝的话语就是唯一的真理,所以他放弃了本应由他继承的其祖先掠夺来的土地,他知道上帝创造土地不是要我们去拥有,而是要我们去管理；迪尔西勇敢、大胆、豪爽、温存、诚实、虔诚,是福克纳所钦佩的基督徒的形象,她所信靠的受死又复活的耶稣让我们看到了人类的希望。这些人物是福克纳对人类前程的探寻,他们告诉我们人类的希望究竟在何处。
[Abstract]:Many characters in Faulkner's novels go to death. Looking at the dead, we find that Faulkner does not describe the experience of death, but shows us the life of the dead. In his novels, there are four kinds of characters who go to death in different ways, and their living states all express the author's anxiety and criticism of evil in human nature to varying degrees. At the same time, Faulkner's world of death does not mean death and destruction, he like other great writers to actively explore the way out of mankind. The first kind of dead people can be called "evil slaves", they are either immersed in sexual desire, or swallowed by resentment and anger. There is also one such person who, though not dead, treats the death of their loved ones with the ugliness of human selfishness, and their souls are empty. The lives of these people show us the darkness of human nature. The second category symbolizes the extreme evil of mankind. Some of them are full of greed and all they do are for the material good; others are the representatives of evil, and they do things that reach the peak of evil. Such people show us what evil people who lose their value will do. The common denominator of the third category is the inability to pray. They need and know to be comforted by God, but they do not go to God and die of emptiness and spiritual torture. These characters show us the horror of desertion of faith. The representative of the fourth kind of characters is Quentin. His ideal is to find absolute "innocence" in the world and return to the beautiful garden of Eden, only to find that there is no such "absolute" in reality, so he goes to death without turning his back. Quentin's tragedy lies in the fact that there is a problem in his search for "innocence", which symbolizes the isolation and helplessness of modern man from God. Faulkner not only showed us the desolation of the lives of these dead men, but also created a series of beautiful characters: Lena was naturally simple, abandoned by her lover, but still optimistic and resilient. Accept your lover with good hope and set out on the way to find him; Isaac Macaslin was convinced that God had created the world, and that God's word was the only truth, so he gave up the land he should have inherited from his ancestors. He knew that God did not make the land for us to own. But to manage; Dilsie is brave, bold, gentle, honest, and devout, the image of a Christian whom Faulkner admires. Her faith in dead and resurrected Jesus shows us human hope. These characters are Faulkner's quest for human future, they tell us exactly where human hope lies.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I712.074

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