被穿越的荣誉——诺贝尔文学奖平议

发布时间：2019-01-20 14:17

【摘要】：一百多年来,诺贝尔文学奖有益于人类、有益于世界文学建构的成就功不可没,但人们对这一荣誉有着种种误读与想象,极有必要寻根溯源辨析与澄清。诺贝尔遗嘱中的"富有理想倾向"作为诺贝尔文学奖评选的唯一标准,在遗嘱执行人的百年实践中,由最初保守主义的狭隘化解释实施,到后来的开放性多元阐释伸缩探索,直到如今明言已不再坚持作为唯一标准,使诺贝尔文学奖评选因人而异,与时变迁。诺贝尔文学奖与政治的关系始终备受争议,既有客观效果与评审意图的冲突,又根源于评委会的复杂构成、不同意识形态和文化价值观的矛盾。翻译是非欧洲语种优秀文学进入评奖程序的第一道门槛,尽管其中隐含着深远而强大的欧洲中心论意识形态,却是该奖项西方属性注定的宿命。如今瑞典文学院自称诺贝尔文学奖并非颁给最优秀作家之奖,而主要是着眼于扶植潜在的文学天才的投资或赌注,他们的任务是在默默无闻的作家群中"发现"被忽视的文学"千里马",而不是为业已功成名就的作家锦上添花。诺贝尔文学奖不是文学的奥林匹克,更不是文学的联合国法庭,那么,获奖如童话成真并非故事。
[Abstract]:For more than one hundred years, the Nobel Prize for Literature has been beneficial to mankind and the achievements of the construction of world literature. However, people have misread and imagine this honor, so it is very necessary to identify and clarify the source of this honor. The ideal tendency in the Nobel will is the only criterion for the selection of the Nobel Prize for Literature. In the century-long practice of the executor, it was carried out from the narrow interpretation of the original conservatism to the later exploration of the opening and pluralistic interpretation. Until now, it no longer insists on being the only standard to make the Nobel Prize for Literature different and changing with the times. The relationship between the Nobel Prize for Literature and politics has always been controversial. It is not only the conflict between objective effect and evaluation intention, but also the complex composition of the jury and the contradiction between different ideologies and cultural values. Translation of excellent literature of non-European languages is the first threshold of the award evaluation process. Although there is a profound and powerful ideology of Eurocentrism, it is the predestined destiny of the western attribute of the award. Now the Swedish Academy of Letters claims that the Nobel Prize in Literature is not awarded to the best writers, but is mainly about investments or bets that foster potential literary genius. Their task was to "find" neglected literature among the little-known writers, not to add to the success of a successful writer. The Nobel Prize for Literature is not the Olympic Games of Literature, nor the UN Tribunal of Literature, so it is not a story to win a prize like a fairy tale.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学文学院;
【分类号】：I106

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