福斯特的死亡书写
发布时间：2019-03-19 16:53
【摘要】：E.M.福斯特是生活于20世纪上半期的英国著名作家。当时的社会历史巨变和个人的坎坷遭遇令福斯特有着浓厚的死亡意识。工业文明和机器化大发展破坏着人们宁静祥和的生活,欧洲现代主义非理性思潮的涌起加剧了人们的精神危机,两次世界大战更摧毁了生命的神圣庄严,展示了死亡的黑暗恐怖。同时,亲朋好友的相继离世,隐秘的同性恋倾向使福斯特焦虑不安,高度关注生与死的命题。福斯特将时代巨变和个人体验投射到文本中,形成他独特的死亡书写艺术。福斯特的作品书写了死亡方式各有不同的几类人物群像。第一类人物的特点是其死亡具有某种突然性,他们鼓起勇气挑战中产阶级禁锢虚伪的生活方式,努力寻求精神的充实与完整,却因无法克服自私、占有欲等突然死亡；第二类人物的死亡方式展现了英国中产阶级的空虚无聊,他们生时严格遵守中产阶级的道德规范,生命苍白单调,死后亦空虚冷漠；第三类人物是福斯特心中的理想人物,他(她)们精神充实、和谐宁静,守护着英格兰古老的道德遗产,却因殖民扩张等变得萎靡不振,陷入精神危机而走向死亡；第四类人物的代表是摩尔太太,她怀着爱、包容和美好理念渴求实现英印人的联结,却在混沌神秘的印度天空、山洞、宗教中陷入精神危机,基督教信仰被一次次解构,最终死在印度洋上,魂归大海。福斯特不仅塑造了死亡方式不同的人物群像,还用独特的艺术方式书写死亡。黑夜、水等构成福斯特文本中独特的死亡意象；追述、省略、精神文化空间、言语空间等形成死亡叙事的时空机制；冷漠淡然的语言形成他书写死亡的独具一格的表述风格,彰显了他对肉体死亡的蔑视和对精神生命延续的期待。从这些死亡方式独特的人物群像和书写死亡的艺术方式中,可以看出福斯特的死亡观。他认为死亡是外在生活给人造成的突然事故和重大挑战,死亡意味着肉体的毁灭和生命的消失,但又认为死亡并不意味着一切的毁灭,而是自我精神的完成仪式；面对死亡人类应该真诚地哀悼痛哭,同时不断思索死亡的意义,实现生命的价值,达到自我精神的升华。
[Abstract]:E.M. Foster was a famous British writer who lived in the first half of the 20th century. At that time, social and historical changes and personal ups and downs caused Foster to have a strong sense of death. The great development of industrial civilization and robotization has destroyed people's quiet and peaceful lives, and the surge of irrational thoughts of European modernism has exacerbated the spiritual crisis of people, and the two world wars have even destroyed the sanctity and dignity of life. Shows the dark horrors of death. At the same time, relatives and friends died one after another, and the secret homosexual tendency made Foster anxious and highly concerned about the proposition of life and death. Forster projected great changes and personal experiences into the text, forming his unique art of writing death. Foster's work writes about different types of figures in different ways of death. The first kind of characters is characterized by their sudden death. They muster the courage to challenge the hypocritical way of life of the middle class and strive to seek the spiritual fullness and integrity, but die suddenly because they cannot overcome selfishness, possessiveness and so on. The death mode of the second kind of characters shows the emptiness and boredom of the British middle class. They strictly abide by the moral norms of the middle class, their life is pale and monotonous, and they are also empty and indifferent after death. The third kind of characters is the ideal figure in Foster's heart. He or she is full of spirit, harmonious and quiet, guarding England's ancient moral heritage, but because of colonial expansion and so on, they become depressed and fall into spiritual crisis and go to death; The fourth kind of character is represented by Mrs. Moore, who, with the idea of love, tolerance and beauty, craves the connection of the British and Indian people, but falls into a spiritual crisis in the chaotic and mysterious Indian sky, caves and religions, and the Christian faith has been deconstructed over and over again. Finally died in the Indian Ocean, the soul returned to the sea. Forster not only shaped the characters of different ways of death, but also wrote death in a unique artistic way. Night, water and so on constitute the unique death image in Forster's text, trace, omit, spiritual and cultural space, speech space and so on to form the space-time mechanism of death narrative; The indifferent and indifferent language forms his unique expression style of writing death, which shows his contempt for physical death and his expectation for the continuation of spiritual life. From these unique figures and the art of writing death, Forster's view of death can be seen. He believes that death is a sudden accident and great challenge caused by external life. Death means the destruction of the body and the disappearance of life, but also that death does not mean the destruction of all, but the completion ceremony of self-spirit. Facing death, mankind should mourn and cry sincerely, at the same time, constantly ponder the meaning of death, realize the value of life, and achieve the sublimation of self-spirit.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2443716
[Abstract]:E.M. Foster was a famous British writer who lived in the first half of the 20th century. At that time, social and historical changes and personal ups and downs caused Foster to have a strong sense of death. The great development of industrial civilization and robotization has destroyed people's quiet and peaceful lives, and the surge of irrational thoughts of European modernism has exacerbated the spiritual crisis of people, and the two world wars have even destroyed the sanctity and dignity of life. Shows the dark horrors of death. At the same time, relatives and friends died one after another, and the secret homosexual tendency made Foster anxious and highly concerned about the proposition of life and death. Forster projected great changes and personal experiences into the text, forming his unique art of writing death. Foster's work writes about different types of figures in different ways of death. The first kind of characters is characterized by their sudden death. They muster the courage to challenge the hypocritical way of life of the middle class and strive to seek the spiritual fullness and integrity, but die suddenly because they cannot overcome selfishness, possessiveness and so on. The death mode of the second kind of characters shows the emptiness and boredom of the British middle class. They strictly abide by the moral norms of the middle class, their life is pale and monotonous, and they are also empty and indifferent after death. The third kind of characters is the ideal figure in Foster's heart. He or she is full of spirit, harmonious and quiet, guarding England's ancient moral heritage, but because of colonial expansion and so on, they become depressed and fall into spiritual crisis and go to death; The fourth kind of character is represented by Mrs. Moore, who, with the idea of love, tolerance and beauty, craves the connection of the British and Indian people, but falls into a spiritual crisis in the chaotic and mysterious Indian sky, caves and religions, and the Christian faith has been deconstructed over and over again. Finally died in the Indian Ocean, the soul returned to the sea. Forster not only shaped the characters of different ways of death, but also wrote death in a unique artistic way. Night, water and so on constitute the unique death image in Forster's text, trace, omit, spiritual and cultural space, speech space and so on to form the space-time mechanism of death narrative; The indifferent and indifferent language forms his unique expression style of writing death, which shows his contempt for physical death and his expectation for the continuation of spiritual life. From these unique figures and the art of writing death, Forster's view of death can be seen. He believes that death is a sudden accident and great challenge caused by external life. Death means the destruction of the body and the disappearance of life, but also that death does not mean the destruction of all, but the completion ceremony of self-spirit. Facing death, mankind should mourn and cry sincerely, at the same time, constantly ponder the meaning of death, realize the value of life, and achieve the sublimation of self-spirit.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I561.074
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