从花谱看清中晚期北京地区私寓师承关系

发布时间：2018-04-08 19:15

本文选题：清中晚期　切入点：北京地区　出处：《中国艺术研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“花谱”一词最初是指将花卉按照一定规则分类、记载的文本,其含义在宋代拓展为兼指诗评与品评妓女的文本。明代晚期,文人将品评妓女的方式引入记录戏曲伶人的传统使“花谱”的含义再次拓展为记录、品评戏曲伶人的文本。清中晚期,文人记录、品评伶人形成风尚导致“花谱”的其他含义一度被忽略而专指记录、品评戏曲伶人以及记录梨园掌故的文本。因此,本文所言“花谱”应为“清代梨园花谱”。私寓,又称“相公堂子”、“堂子”或“下处”,花谱中记作“某某堂”,如金兰堂、云和堂等。清中晚期,戏班伶人因收入增加而对居住条件提出更高要求而独立另辟的居住之所。同时,它也作为戏曲伶人进行台下陪宴侑酒等营业活动的场所。私寓主人为了赚取银钱,维持私寓营业活动而进行了一系列收徒授艺的活动,由此在私寓中产生了师承关系。这种师承关系因其产生目的、收徒条件、授艺内容的特殊性而形成了自己的特点。私寓师承关系是中国戏曲传承史上的特殊现象,它为中国戏曲传承尤其是晚清时期昆曲的传承和发展作出了贡献,对中国戏曲具有重大意义。
[Abstract]:The term "pattern" originally refers to the text of classifying and recording flowers according to certain rules, the meaning of which was expanded in Song Dynasty to refer to the text of both poetry evaluation and evaluation of prostitutes.In the late Ming Dynasty, the literati introduced the way of evaluating prostitutes into the tradition of recording opera players, so that the meaning of "pattern" was expanded again to record and evaluate the text of opera actors.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the fashion of literati records and critics led to the neglect of the other meanings of the "pattern" and the special reference to the records, the critics of operas and the texts recording the stories of Li Yuan.Therefore, the "flower spectrum" mentioned in this paper should be "the pear orchard of the Qing Dynasty".Private, also known as "Xianggong Tong son", "Tang son" or "lower place", the design is recorded as "so and so on", such as Jinlan Tang, Yunhe Hall, and so on.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, opera actors set higher demands on living conditions because of the increase of income.At the same time, it also serves as a venue for opera players to accompany business activities such as booze and wine.In order to earn money and maintain private business activities, the owner of private apartment carried out a series of activities of accepting students and teaching art, which resulted in the relationship between teachers and students.This kind of teacher-bearing relationship has formed its own characteristic because of its producing purpose, accepting the apprenticeship condition and the particularity of the art teaching content.The relationship between teacher and teacher is a special phenomenon in the history of Chinese opera inheritance. It contributes to the inheritance and development of Chinese opera, especially the Kunqu Opera in the late Qing Dynasty, which is of great significance to Chinese opera.
【学位授予单位】：中国艺术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J809.2

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