从《北方的星辰》探究梅耶贝尔歌剧中的喜歌剧因素

发布时间：2018-04-22 21:22

本文选题：梅耶贝尔 + 喜歌剧　；参考：《山东艺术学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：梅耶贝尔是19世纪旅居法国的德国籍著名歌剧创作者,他创作的法国大歌剧在西方音乐史中占有着重要的地位,他创作的喜歌剧也同样具有着丰富的文化内涵和独特的艺术价值。梅耶贝尔深爱歌剧创作,一生都在为歌剧发展贡献着自己的力量,为了学习创作更好的歌剧,梅耶贝尔一生辗转了三个国家,这三个国家的不同的历史背景给他来带来了三段完全不同的生活经历和人生感悟,这样的人生经历,对于梅耶贝尔的歌剧创作起到的作用是显而易见的。梅耶贝尔的一生充满传奇色彩,在他生活的一生中一共创作了17部歌剧,这其中涵盖了德国传统式歌剧、意大利传统式歌剧、法国大歌剧、法国式喜歌剧这些题材,在歌剧艺术史上是很少见的。梅耶贝尔创作最成熟的时期是在他旅居法国以后,纵观那段时期的法国历史,正值法国大革命的中期,这是一段及其特殊且不安定的时期,各种政权之间的矛盾和冲突不断,法国民众一方面因为社会的动荡造成心理上处于一种麻木消极的状态,另一方面新资产阶级的诞生以及民众对封建统治的不满促使了人们对权力对自由的欲望空前绝后,这一时期不论是当权者还是普通民众的心理都是复杂的、矛盾的、曲折反复的。梅耶贝尔在法国生活的阶段正处于两次王朝复辟,统治者为了复苏经济采取了宽容的治国政策,放松了对民众的思想压制,伴随着国内经济的恢复,人民生活状态的改善,人们的精神需求也达到了一个高点,于是歌剧这种耗费金钱、场面宏大、效果震撼的音乐表演形式在当时也受到了极大的欢迎,所以歌剧这种题材在19世纪的法国得到了空前发展。梅耶贝尔出生于富裕的商人家庭,自幼受到了极好的音乐教育,再加上自身的音乐修养及天赋,使得他在当时非常好的状态下创作出了多部对后世影响深远的优秀歌剧作品,但梅耶贝尔迎合着社会需求产生的歌剧,在他去世之后迎来了他声誉的低谷,很多狂热的追随者和评价家开始一边倒似的批判他的音乐创作,说他的创作是媚俗的、浮夸的、浪费的。曾经轰动一时甚至长达十几年占据着剧院的常驻剧目,竟然在他去世后的几年就销声匿迹,甚至直到现在梅耶贝尔的歌剧都极少上演。这些年学术界对梅耶贝尔的法国式大歌剧的研究还有几篇著述,主要以期刊发表论文为主,但专题性研究的数量为零,并且在近年出版的音乐专著中,只有歌剧专题类的书籍才有关于梅耶贝尔的简述,并且内容也只有寥寥几千字,有些书籍甚至都没有关于他的内容,这对于一位在当时曾带动整个法国歌剧狂潮的音乐家来讲,实在是一件匪夷所思的事情。梅耶贝尔的歌剧,迎合了时代,却又被时代所抛弃,是什么造成了这样的原因?对他褒贬不一的评价是否足够客观?如果结合历史、文化、社会等多方面因素去研究梅耶贝尔的歌剧创作,能否得到新的发现?本课题从全新的角度,以梅耶贝尔生活的历史时期为背景,以梅耶贝尔的生活年代、政治遭遇、价值观变化为线索,并对梅耶贝尔的喜歌剧作品《北方的星辰》中的喜歌剧手法进行深入的分析,对他的音乐思想和各个时期歌剧创作进行分类,通过对梅耶贝尔的深入研究,努力对梅耶贝尔的歌剧创作进行客观评价,力求重现一个更真实的梅耶贝尔。这对重新认识这位19世纪的歌剧作曲家、重新定位梅耶贝尔在西方音乐史中的定位,都有着重要的意义。研究方法:以历史研究的方法,把梅耶贝尔放到欧洲历史和文化史上进行研究;以文献考证的方法,对梅耶贝尔的音乐作品《北方的星辰》进行具体分析。以音乐美学、哲学的研究方法进行辅助分析,力求创新思路、拓宽视野,使内容更有历史感,论证更充分。本文分为四个部分。第一部分是绪论,简单介绍文章的选题动机、研究现状、选题意义与价值以及文章的结构,引出文章的写作;第二部分主要由梅耶贝尔的生平、梅耶贝尔歌剧创作的历史背景、梅耶贝尔歌剧作品概况这三节内容构成;第三部分是对梅耶贝尔《北方的星辰》音乐中的喜歌剧手法进行分析,目的是通过音乐技术分析,阐述梅耶贝尔歌剧中体现的价值和思想;第四部分是关于梅耶贝尔创作思想和艺术贡献,最后引出课题的研究意义,为本论文做总结。
[Abstract]:Meyer Bell is a famous German opera creator who lived in France in nineteenth Century. The French opera, which he created, occupies an important position in the history of western music. His composing opera also has rich cultural connotation and unique artistic value. Meyer Bell loved opera deeply and contributed to the development of opera in his life. His own strength, in order to learn to create better operas, Meyer Bell has turned three countries throughout his life. The different historical backgrounds of the three countries have brought him three different life experiences and feelings of life. This life experience is obvious to Meyer Bell's opera. Meyer Bell's role is obvious. Full of legendary life, he created 17 operas in his life, including the traditional German opera, Italy traditional opera, French opera, French style opera, which are rare in the history of the opera. The most mature period of Meyer Bell's creation was after he lived in France. The French history of the period was in the middle of the French Revolution. It was a period of a period of special and unsettled. The contradictions and conflicts between various regimes, the French people were in a state of numbness and negativity, the birth of the new bourgeoisie and the rule of the feudal rule, on the one hand, because of the social turbulence. The resentment caused the people's desire for power to be free. In this period, both the power and the ordinary people were complex, contradictory, and repeated. Meyer Bell was in the two dynasty in France, and the rulers took a tolerant policy of governing the country for the economic recovery of the Soviet Union. The ideological suppression of the people, with the recovery of the domestic economy, the improvement of the people's living conditions, and the spiritual demand of the people reached a high point. So the opera, which consumes the money, the spectacle and the effect, has also been greatly welcomed at that time, so the theme of opera was empty in France in nineteenth Century. Former development. Meyer Bell was born in a wealthy businessman family, received excellent music education, with his own musical accomplishment and talent, which made him create many outstanding opera works which had profound influence on later generations at that time, but Meyer Bell catered to the opera of social demand and died in his life. At the end of his reputation, many fanatical followers and critics began to criticize his music, saying that his creation was kitsch, boasting, and wasteful. The repertoire of the theatre, which had been a sensation and even lasted for more than ten years, had disappeared in the years after his death, even to the present. Jebel's operas are rarely performed. In these years, there are several writings on Meyer Bell's French style opera, mainly published in periodicals, but the number of thematic studies is zero. And in the music monographs published in recent years, only the books of the opera subject have a brief description of Meyer Bell. There are only a few thousand words, and some books are not even about his content. It is really an unthinkable thing for a musician who has led the whole French opera at that time. Meyer Bell's opera, which caters to the times, and has been abandoned by the times, has caused such a reason? Not to him. If the evaluation is sufficient to be objective, can a new discovery be made if we combine historical, cultural, social and other factors to study the creation of Meyer Bell's opera, the subject from a new perspective, the historical period of the life of Mei Ye bell, the life age, the political encounter, the change of values as the clue, and Meyer In an in-depth analysis of Baer's opera "northern stars > the opera in the northern stars", it classifies his musical ideas and the creation of opera in various periods. Through a thorough study of Meyer Bell, he tries to make an objective evaluation of Meyer Bell's opera creation and strive to re realize a more true Meyer Bell. This nineteenth Century opera composer, repositioning Meyer Bell in the history of western music, has important significance. Research methods: To study Meyer Bell in the history of European history and cultural history by means of historical research; to make a specific classification of the musical works of Mei Jebel, "the stars of the north" by the method of literature examination. Analysis of music aesthetics, philosophy research methods to assist analysis, strive to innovate ideas, broaden the field of vision, to make the content more historical, more fully demonstrated. This article is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction, brief introduction of the motivation of the topic, the status of the research, the significance and value of the topic and the structure of the article; second The part mainly consists of the life of Meyer Bell, the historical background of the creation of Meyer Bell opera, the composition of the three sections of Meyer Bell's opera, and the third part is the analysis of the opera techniques in Meyer Bell "the stars in the north," the purpose is to analyze the values and thoughts embodied in Meyer Bell's opera through the analysis of music technology. The fourth part is about Meyer Bell's creative thought and artistic contribution, and finally draws the research significance of the subject, summarizing this thesis.

【学位授予单位】：山东艺术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J832;J617.2

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