张二奎生平史实考辨——兼论戏曲史中的“张二奎现象”和“口述史料”的运用

发布时间：2018-05-05 21:30

本文选题：张二奎 + 《王钟霖日记》　；参考：《戏曲艺术》2015年04期

【摘要】：京剧"老生三杰"之一的张二奎其生平富有传奇性。通过相关文献的梳理,可知其生平、家世等诸多史实之记载皆存有争议。其中学术界对其卒年之研究分歧较大。分研读宋学琦和王政尧发现的f平署档案后可以断言,档案无法作为效证据来论证张二奎的卒年。而根据新发现的《王钟霖日记》可以明确知道张二奎的卒于咸丰十年(1860)七月间,其出生于平民家庭,非书香世家,本人曾在兵部武库司当学员,未尝任工部都水司经承一职。张二奎以票友身份下海后,诱发京师诸多票友下海,形成"张二奎现象"。此现象之根源在于下海唱戏的高额收入及名动天下的荣耀。对脉脉的生平及其所撰《张二奎传》考证和分析,可以肯定口述史料的运用是张二奎生平诸多争议的源头。戏曲史的研究需要将口述史料与纸质文献、音视频文献等多形态文献相结合方能推进研究之深入。
[Abstract]:Zhang Erkui, one of the three talents of Beijing Opera, is legendary. Through the relevant literature combing, we can know that its life, family and many other historical facts are controversial. The academic research on the year of death is quite different. After studying the files found by Song Xueqi and Wang Zhengyao, it can be concluded that the archives can not be used as effective evidence to demonstrate Zhang Erkui's year of death. According to the newly discovered "Wang Zhonglin Diary", it is clear that Zhang Erkui died in Xianfeng ten years and 1860) in July, he was born in a civilian family, not a scholar's family. I was a student in the Department of Armed Services, and I never took up a post in the Ministry of Industry. After Zhang Erkui went into the sea as a voting friend, he induced many of his friends to go to sea, forming the "Zhang Erkui phenomenon". The root of this phenomenon lies in the high income of Xianhai opera and the glory of the world. The textual research and analysis on the life of pulse and the biography of Zhang Erkui can confirm that the use of oral historical data is the source of many disputes about Zhang Erkui's life. The study of drama history needs to combine oral historical materials with paper literature, audio and video documents, and so on.
【作者单位】：淮北师范大学文学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“民国戏曲发展史”(项目号:15CZW041);国家社科基金重大项目“《全清戏曲》整理及文献研究”(11&ZD107)阶段性成果
【分类号】：J821

【共引文献】