大弦戏的调查与研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 23:08

本文选题：大弦戏 + 曲牌联套体　；参考：《山西师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 大弦戏又称“弦戏”或“弦子戏”,主要流传于豫北地区,是一个深受当地人民喜爱的古老而稀有的剧种。2006年5月20日,大弦戏经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。大弦戏作为稀有剧种,具有以下独特之处: 第一,大弦戏的音乐为曲牌联套体,在当地戏曲剧种绝大多数为板腔变化体的大环境中显得颇为独特。根据1992年版的《戏曲志·河南卷》进行统计,除豫剧外,河南省还有44个剧种,这些剧种的音乐形式绝大多数为板腔变化体。大弦戏所流行的豫北地区除豫剧、大弦戏外还有大平调、落腔、四股弦、二夹弦等剧种,也均为板腔变化体。大弦戏的音乐形式在大、小环境中均与众不同,这一现象值得研究。第二,大弦戏与河南甚至全国其它剧种相比较,都算得上是一个古老的剧种。目前可见最早有关大弦戏的文字记载为,明代弘治年间《重修明福寺碑记》(现存河南省安阳市滑县明福寺内)中的记述:“以上布施除修葺佛塔外,敬献大梆戏、大弦戏各一台”。由此可见,大弦戏在明代弘治以前即已形成,而河南全省的剧种产生年代多为清代或清代以后。因此,有人认为大弦戏是河南省最古老的剧种,有必要对这一古老剧种进行调查和研究。第三,大弦戏的声腔构成比较复杂,既有存有唐宋大曲遗风的五套大曲,又有青阳腔、石牌腔、沟沟腔、罗罗腔、昆山腔和一些散曲。其声腔构成本身就是戏曲史上明代“昆、弋争胜”和清代“花雅之争”的遗留和见证,也是各戏曲声腔在发展中不断进行交流融合的一个显著例证。第四,大弦戏中保留有许多“绝活”,有明显的武术与民间社火的成份,这也是一个值得调查和研究的方面。本文将分以下部分进行论述: 第一部分,前言:简单介绍大弦戏所流行地区的历史文化背景,本文的研究目的、研究方法及前人的研究成果;第二部分,大弦戏的形成与发展历史;第三部分,大弦戏的艺术特征;第四部分,大弦戏的剧本与剧目;第五部分,大弦戏的现状与思考。
[Abstract]:Daxian opera, also known as "string play" or "string opera", is an ancient and rare drama that is popular among local people in the north of Henan province. On May 20, 2006, Daxian Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. As a rare variety of dramas, large string dramas are unique in the following ways: First, the music of the grand string opera is the ensemble, which is quite unique in the environment where the majority of the local opera plays are board cavity variations. According to the statistics of the 1992 edition of "Opera Records Henan Volume", there are 44 kinds of operas in Henan Province besides Henan Opera. Most of the musical forms of these operas are plane-cavity variations. In addition to Henan opera, there are also big flat tune, falling cavity, four strands and two chords in the popular area of northern Henan. The music form of big string play is different in big and small environment, this phenomenon is worth studying. Second, Daxian opera is an ancient drama compared with other kinds of plays in Henan and even the whole country. At present, it can be seen that the earliest written records of the Daxian opera are: "in addition to repairing the pagoda of the Buddhist pagoda, the above gift is dedicated to offering the Da Bang Opera," in the Ming Dynasty Hongzhi period, "A monument to the restoration of the Ming Fu Temple" (in the Ming Fu Temple of Huaxian County, Anyang City, Henan Province). One for each of the big string plays. It can be seen that the Daxian opera was formed before Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, and most of the operas in Henan Province came into being in Qing Dynasty or after Qing Dynasty. Therefore, some people think that Daxian Opera is the oldest kind of drama in Henan Province, and it is necessary to investigate and study it. Thirdly, the composition of the vocal cavity of Daxian Opera is quite complex, which includes five sets of Daqu, including Qingyang cavity, Shipai cavity, trench cavity, Luo cavity, Kunshan cavity and some scattered songs. Its vocal composition itself is the legacy and witness of "Kun, Yi-sheng" in the Ming Dynasty and "the dispute of Flower and elegance" in the Qing Dynasty, and it is also a remarkable example of the continuous communication and fusion of the various opera vocals in the development of the opera. Fourth, there are many "special skills" retained in the grand string drama, and there are obvious elements of martial arts and civil society fire, which is also an area worthy of investigation and study. This article will be discussed in the following parts: The first part, preface: a brief introduction of the historical and cultural background of the popular area of Daxian Opera, the purpose of this paper, the research methods and previous research results; the second part, the formation and development history of Daxian Opera; the third part, The fourth part, the script and repertoire of the grand string play, and the fifth part, the present situation and thinking of the big string play.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：J825

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