会馆演剧研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 03:23

本文选题：会馆演剧 + 乡土情结　；参考：《南京大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：会馆是同乡组织发展到一定阶段的产物,它在明初开始出现,并盛行于明清两代。它以为同乡服务为宗旨,以固定的建筑物为标志和活动场所,乡土情结和异域而建是其最基本的特征。在相当长的一段时期,会馆成为戏曲演出的一个重要场所,这是会馆自身的特点和时代背景相互作用共同促成的：会馆为凝聚会众,敦睦乡谊,满足同乡观剧的需求,一般会有较完备的演剧设施,适合团体宴乐演剧；而外部环境如戏禁政策也把大量的观众特别是官绅阶层的观众推向了会馆。由于会馆连接着故乡与他乡两级,会馆演剧既有对家乡文化张扬的一面,也有建立和处理与外界各种关系的一面,因此会馆演剧有自己的鲜明特征,这些特征使得会馆演剧与其他场所的演剧区别开来。会馆对家乡戏的需要、帮助和扶持,为各地戏曲进入异地提供了便捷的通道,并有效地保证其能长期演出；会馆演剧对当地的丌放,影响到当地民众的戏曲欣赏习惯,为家乡戏曲培养了一批新的观众群,使家乡戏曲可以在外地扎下根来；会馆自己的特定观剧群体,对演剧提出了较高的要求,使会馆演剧一直保持在当时剧坛演剧的较高水平。会馆演剧的这些特征,加快了戏曲的传播速度,对声腔的传播和剧种的形成及地方剧坛都产生了深刻的影响。文章以“会馆演剧与弋阳腔的发展与传播、会馆演剧与川剧的形成、会馆演剧对北京剧坛的影响”为个案研究,对会馆演剧的作用进行论证说明：弋阳腔之所以能走出江西,奔向全国,并能扎根生长,与走出去的江西人及其所建的江西会馆是分不丌的。江西会馆成为弋阳腔在外地最初演出的重要阵地,正是因为有了这个阵地,促使家乡的戏班源源不断地向外迈出了脚步,也正是有了这个阵地,异乡的观众才了解并接受了弋阳腔。弋阳腔的遍地生根、发芽、成长与江西会馆这个稳定的舞台有着莫大的关系。会馆演剧对川剧的形成和传播所起到的巨大作用不容忽视和抹杀。可以说若没有这么多移民会馆,就不会有这么多的外地声腔纷至沓来,即使有外地声腔来到四川,若没有会馆提供稳定的场所和经常的演剧机会,这些声腔或许只是匆匆过客,更谈不上落地生根,发展壮大。随着移民入川规模的不断扩大,各地戏曲文化随之源源不断进入,它们相互竞争也相互融合,为川剧的形成做好了充分的准备,在川剧形成之后会馆又成为传播川剧的重要演出场所。乾隆以来,花部乱弹和雅部昆曲长期博弈,使北京剧坛发生了根本的转变,梆子、皮黄等乱弹腔相继成为北京剧坛的盛行声腔,昆曲在北京剧坛渐次退场。由于文人不屑参与乱弹戏的创作,戏曲艺人成为戏曲创作的主体,淫靡的表演之风和单一贫弱的思想内容成为剧坛痼疾。会馆演剧以对昆曲的留存与延续,对皮簧梆子的推波助澜,对淫靡表演风气的净化、戏剧品格的提高,而对北京剧坛产生了较为深远的影响。
[Abstract]:The exhibition hall is the product of the development of Tongxiang organization to a certain stage . It begins to appear in the early Ming Dynasty . It is the most basic feature in the Ming and Qing dynasties .
The external environment , such as the play - ban policy , also pushes a large number of audiences , especially those of the squire ' s class , to the hall . Since the hall is connected with the hometown and his country , the museum plays both a side to the hometown culture , and the establishment and treatment of the various relations with the outside world . Therefore , the museum plays have its own distinctive features , which make the opera of the hall be distinguished from the play of other places .

The exhibition hall provides convenient access to the needs , help and support of the hometown play , and provides convenient access for the opera in various places , and effectively ensures that it can perform long - term performance ;
The drama of the exhibition hall plays a role in the local people ' s opera appreciation habits , and trains a new group of audiences for the local opera , so that the local opera can be rooted in the field ;
In this paper , the author puts forward higher demands on the performances of the opera , and has exerted a profound influence on the propagation speed of the opera and the formation of the opera and the formation of the local theater .

Since there is this position , it is precisely because there is this position , it is precisely because there is this position , it is this position , it is this position , the foreign audience only understand and accept the Yangyang cavity . The whole land rooting , sprouting and growth of the Yangyang cavity have a great relationship with the stable stage of Jiangxi Guild Hall .

With the expansion of the scale of immigration , the local opera culture has been continuously entering . With the expansion of the size of the immigrants , the local opera culture has been continuously entering . They are competing with each other so as to make full preparations for the formation of Sichuan opera . After the formation of Sichuan opera , the hall is also the important venue for the spread of Sichuan opera .

Since the reign of Emperor Qian , the long - term game of the flower part and the Kunqu Opera has made the fundamental transformation of the Beijing theater , the clapper , the fur and the like into the popular sound cavity of the Beijing opera , and the Kunqu opera has become the main body of the opera . As a result , the opera artist becomes the main body of the opera creation .
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J809.2

【参考文献】