大山歌传承人个案研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 12:18

本文选题：贵州水坝塘镇　切入点：大山歌　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以贵州水坝塘镇李双为例对大山歌传承人进行个案研究,先用田野考察法对研究对象进行调研,掌握一手资料,再整合材料,阐述传承人的相关背景,论述其音乐活动,进而分析大山歌音乐特点,最后总结出传承人在传承大山歌中的贡献。文章可分为三大部分。第一部分为绪论。阐述选题缘由、研究对象、研究综述、研究方法、研究意义等内容。第二部分为论文的主体,第一章至第四章。第一章系统介绍传承人的生存环境、人生经历等背景情况,为后文进行铺垫。第二章论述传承人的家庭状况、传承谱系、习乐过程、表演场合及传承方式等方面,得出以下结论:一、传承人家中已无后人传唱大山歌;二、传承谱系的六代传承人多数已年迈,不再演唱大山歌,导致后继无人的现象;三、传承人的习乐过程经历了启蒙、学习发展、成熟三个阶段;四、演唱场合包括劳动、休息、媒体采访、学者访问、领导视察等。五、传承方式以“自学”和口传心授两种为主。第三章为传承人的大山歌分析。先将大山歌分为田歌、盘歌、山歌、小调四类。再分析其音乐特点,即音调以窄声韵“sol、la、do”和“la、do、re”为主,节拍以规整居多,节奏以短长型或长短型为主,调式以羽、徵为主,单乐段结构,稳定终止,旋律发展手法多样,以民间常用的重复、鱼咬尾、换头合尾等形式为主,衬词衬腔多为语气词构成,句首、句中、句尾有衬腔或滑音进行装饰,地方性韵味浓厚。接着论述大山歌的风格和传承人的演唱风格,大山歌风格为质朴美、婉转美、阳刚美;演唱风格有六种:一是重“情”,表达真情实感,二是重“词”,突出地方性色彩,三是重“腔”,以求好听,四是重“连贯性”,把握整体韵律,五是重“节奏节拍”,准确表达歌曲完整性,六是重“即兴编词能力”,激发听者兴趣。最后总结出大山歌的功能,即实用功能、娱乐功能和教育功能。第四章对传承人面临的问题、解决对策、贡献等方面进行透析。首先阐述传承人面临断代现象、环境考验、资金不足的三大困境。其次,根据问题提出解决对策,即开设传承班,培养新一代的传承人;改善政府工作人员的态度,重视传承人及其文化;寻找多方位的资金支持,落实传承人待遇;结合多种传承方式传承,创造新时代下适应非遗传承的环境;运用兼容并蓄的双重模式,传承大山歌文化。最后总结出传承人在传承大山歌中的贡献,共四点:一是传承人开展传承活动,成立大山歌队伍,参加大山歌比赛;二是传承人提供大山歌材料,协助编写大山歌教材;三是传承人承载着社会功能;四是传承人是联系传统与现代的重要载体。第三部分为结论。系统论述全文的要点,推出重要结论,并探讨本研究中的不足之处,为后期的研究奠定基础。
[Abstract]:This paper takes Li Shuang, Shuibatang Town, Guizhou Province as an example to carry out a case study on the inheritors of the great folk songs. First, the author investigates the research objects with the method of field investigation, grasps the primary materials, then integrates the materials, expounds the related background of the inheritors, and discusses their musical activities. Then it analyzes the music characteristics of Dashan songs, and finally summarizes the contributions of inheritors in the inheritance of Dashan songs. The article can be divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction. The second part is the main body of the thesis, chapter one to chapter 4th. The first chapter systematically introduces the living environment, life experience and other background conditions of the inheritors, which lays the groundwork for the following articles. Chapter two discusses the family status of the inheritors. The following conclusions can be drawn from the inheritance genealogy, the music practice process, the performance occasion and the way of inheritance: first, there is no one in the family of the inheritors to sing the big folk songs; second, most of the sixth generation inheritors of the inheritance genealogy are old enough to no longer sing the big folk songs. This has led to the phenomenon of no successor; third, the process of inheriting people's music has gone through three stages: enlightenment, learning, development and maturity; fourth, singing occasions include labor, rest, media interviews, scholars' visits, and leadership inspections. The third chapter is about the analysis of the great folk songs of the inheritors. Firstly, they are divided into four categories: Tian Ge, pan songs, folk songs and minor tunes. Then it analyzes the musical characteristics of them, that is, the tone is mainly "sollado" and "lajidore". The rhythm is mostly regular, the rhythm is short or long, the rhythm is short or long, the mode is feather, sign, single section structure, stable termination, melody development technique is various, with folk commonly used repetition, fish bite, change head and tail, etc. In the first part of the sentence, the sentence end is decorated with a lining or slippery sound, and the local charm is strong. Then the style of the great folk song and the singing style of the inheritor are discussed. The style of the great folk song is simple, graceful, and masculine. There are six kinds of singing styles: one is to stress "emotion" to express true feelings, the other is to stress "words" to highlight local color, third is to stress "accent" in order to be able to listen well, and fourth is to stress "coherence" and grasp the whole rhythm. The fifth is to emphasize "rhythm and beat", to accurately express the integrity of the song, and the sixth is to stress "the ability of impromptu writing words" to arouse the interest of the listeners. Finally, the function of the great folk song, that is, the practical function, is summed up. Entertainment function and Educational function. Chapter 4th analyzes the problems faced by the inheritors, solutions, contributions and so on. First, it expounds the three predicaments that the inheritors are facing the phenomenon of dynastic generation, environmental test, and lack of funds. Secondly, According to the problem, the author puts forward some countermeasures, that is, to set up the inheritance class, to train the new generation of inheritors, to improve the attitude of the government staff, to attach importance to the inheritors and their culture, to look for multi-directional financial support, and to implement the treatment of the inheritors. Combined with a variety of inheritance methods to create a new era to adapt to the environment of inheritance; the use of inclusive dual mode to inherit the great folk song culture. Finally summed up the inheritors in the heritage of the mountain song contribution, A total of four points: first, inheritors to carry out heritage activities, set up a large folk song team to participate in the big folk song competition; second, the inheritor provided great folk song materials to help compile the big folk song teaching materials; third, the inheritor carries the social function; The third part is the conclusion. It systematically discusses the main points of the full text, deduces the important conclusions, and probes into the deficiencies of this study, which lays the foundation for the later research.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J607

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