关于阿多诺“文化工业”及现代主义艺术理论的反思

发布时间：2018-03-05 12:03

本文选题：阿多诺　切入点：启蒙　出处：《陕西师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：阿多诺是法兰克福学派最著名的代表人物，也是社会批判理论的创始人之一。其美学理论主要分为二大部分，一是对文化产业的批判，二是对现代主义艺术的建构。阿多诺是一名具有敏锐艺术感受力的思辩哲学家，习惯从哲学的角度来思索美学与艺术问题。但目前国内学者较少把其哲学思想与美学理论很好地联系起来，大多分而述之。本文将尝试着以启蒙的反思作为切入点，对其建立在否定辩证法基础之上的现代美学理论作一梳理。希望能起到抛砖引玉之功效，有更多的学者对阿多诺的哲学、美学思想进行更深入的研究。全文共分为四个部分。一、启蒙的反思。启蒙是人类改造自然的文明活动，是旨在祛除某种神秘的、幻象的世界表象而进行的一系列理智的和实践的操作。阿多诺从现代性异变角度展开对启蒙的反思，揭露了启蒙向神话，理性向非理性转化的必然性，同时也找到了艺术走向衰亡的根源。二、文化产业的批判。文化工业实际上是启蒙的理性文明在当代资本主义社会的恶性发展，它取代了真正的艺术，而作为虚假的艺术操纵了现代生活，阿多诺正是从对文化工业的解析与批判出发，从另一方面寻求艺术已进入它的没落时代的根源。三、否定的辩证法。否定辩证法研究非概念、特殊与个别的东西，它从同一性转向非同一性，不承认矛盾双方的对立统一，认为矛盾是不可解决的，认为只有否定而没有肯定的，，更不承认否定的否定是肯定。认为否定是不包含任何肯定因素的绝对否定，是否定一切的全盘否定。阿多诺正是在这种哲学基础上建构其现代主义艺术理论的。四、现代主义艺术的建构。阿多诺在反思启蒙的基础上对现代资本主义的基本状况作了充分的分析。日常生活已在总体上被管理化了，而文化产业又是没有出路的，于是他拯救人类于绝望中的理想，只能转向美学、转向艺术。由于现代社会出现了普遍异化的现象，艺术不再成为素朴的艺术。故现代社会唯一可能的艺术就是反叛现实、否定现实的现代主义艺术。故否定性是现代主义艺术的本质特征，同时还具有七大审美特征：异在性、前瞻性、精神性、无概念性、自律性与社会性的统一、难解性、拒绝交流等。现代主义艺术同时承担着批判现实资本主义和救赎人类的双重职责。阿多诺虽然对一体化、管理化的现代工业社会进行了强烈的抨击，但主要停留在从观念层次上对现实社会的单纯否定，只是通过现代主义艺术在材神上去反对现实．其文化救赎、艺术救赎的理想必然破灭．阿多诺对现代资本主义文明的反思，对文化工业的批判，以及对否定辩证法思想与现代主义艺术理论的阐述是非常深刻的、独特的，不仅在当时产生了巨大的社会影响，就是在今天仍然对我们具有启发意义．
[Abstract]:Adorno is one of the most famous representatives of the Frankfurt school, but also one of the founders of the social critical theory. His aesthetic theory is mainly divided into two parts, one is the criticism of cultural industry, the two is the construction of modem art. Adorno is a keen artistic sensibility of the speculative philosopher, accustomed to thinking about aesthetics and art from the angle of philosophy. But scholars have less the philosophy and aesthetic theory well together, most of the points. This paper will try to reflections on enlightenment as a starting point, to establish in the negative dialectics on the basis of the theory of modern aesthetics as a sort of hope. The effect of more scholars on Adorno's philosophy, more in-depth study of aesthetics. The thesis is divided into four parts.
A, reflections on enlightenment. Enlightenment is transforming the nature of human civilization, is to get rid of some mysterious, the operation of the fantasy world and the appearance of a series of rational and practical. Adorno reflection on Enlightenment from modernity change angle, reveals the enlightenment to the myth of rationality to the necessity of non rational transformation at the same time, also found the root of art to decline.
Two, criticism of the cultural industry. Cultural industry is actually a rational civilization enlightenment malignant development in contemporary capitalist society, it replaces the real art and art as a false manipulation of modern life, Adorno is starting from the analysis and critique of culture industry, seek the origin of art has entered its decline in the age of on the other hand.
Three, negative dialectics. Negative dialectics of non concept, special and something else, it is the identity to the non identity, does not recognize the unity of opposites between the two sides, that the contradiction is not solved, but not sure that only negative, but does not recognize the negation of negation is positive. That is absolutely does not contain any negative negative positive factors, is all negated. Adorno is the construction of the theory of modern art in the philosophy basis.
Four, the construction of modern art. He based on the reflections on the Enlightenment of the basic condition of modern capitalism has made full analysis. The daily life had been managed wholly, and the cultural industry, and there is no way out, so he save mankind from the despair of the ideal, only to turn to aesthetics, art. In the modern society, widespread alienation, art is no longer pure. So in modern society, the only possible art is anti reality, deny the reality of modern art. The negative is the essential characteristic of modern art, but also has seven aesthetic characteristics: differences in the nature, forward-looking, spirit, no the concept of autonomy, unity, and social problem, refused to exchange. Modern art has two functions to criticize the reality of capitalism and the redemption of mankind.
Although Adorno has made a strong attack on the integration and management of modern industrial society, it is mainly stopped.
The simple negation of the real society from the conceptual level is only through the art of modernism in the material God.
To reality, its cultural redemption, the ideal of art redemption must be disillusioned.
Adorno's reflection on modern capitalist civilization, criticism of cultural industry, and negation of Dialectics
The elaboration of thought and modernist art theory is very profound and unique, not only in the time that it was huge.
The social influence is still enlightening to us today.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：J0

【参考文献】