文化差异与文学翻译障碍及其对策

发布时间：2018-11-13 10:17

【摘要】： 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的管轨，翻译是跨文化的传通。语言反映文化，又受文化的制约。语言与文化的密切关系注定了翻译与文化的关系。H．D．Brown认为，文化是以一定时期特定民族的思维、风俗习惯、科学技术、艺术及工具为特征的。B．W．Robinett认为语言反映一个社会的文化。H．A．K．Halliday认为，语言不能离开特定的社会或社会背景而存在。语言既是交流的工具，又是反映一个国家文化特征的手段。P．P．Gilioli认为，二语学习者与讲母语者交流并理解社会涵义的前提，是具有共同的文化标准及背景知识。文化不同，社会规范就有差异。文化差异直接影响着语言的生成、变化和发展。本文阐述了文化差异造成的文学翻译障碍，包括不同的历史背景，不同的宗教信仰，，不同的生活环境和地域，不同的思维模式及联想，不同的社会文化习俗等，提出文化差异造成了翻译的障碍，但这并不意味着翻译是不可能的，因而不能片面强调文化意味的不可译问题；同时提出，考虑到不同的翻译目的、文本类型、作者意图及读者对象，文学翻译中处理文化差异最常见的手段：直译(即异化)和意译(即归化)等方法，都能在目的语文化中完成各自的使命，因而也都有其存在的价值，因为这些方法的合理采用有助于语言交流的实现和交流质量的提高。因而，本文强调目前翻译界关于应采用直译还是采用意译的争论不宜太过偏激。翻译是一种语言行为，译者要客观而不能主观处理，而直译是达到该目的的有效手段。但是因其局限性，直译的方法并非是唯一的、万能的。本人认为直译和意译二者的关系是辨证统一的关系，两者不仅是不矛盾的，而且是互为补充的，二者相互依存、交叉渗透、密不可分。本文提出了六种常用的处理文化差异造成的翻译障碍的方法：1)直译或意译加注、解析法；2)形象转换、舍弃法；3)恰当增减法；4)具体和抽象转换法；5)替代法6)类比法，等。在处理文化差异造成的文学翻译障碍时，不管采用那一种方法，本文提出要遵循以下三个原则，以有益于问题的解决： 1)译文要得体 2)译文要尽量保留原语文化色彩 3)译文要尽量顺从读者的文化心理习惯
[Abstract]:Language is the carrier of culture, culture is the norm of language, and translation is the communication of cross-culture. Language reflects culture and is restricted by culture. The close relationship between language and culture doomed the relationship between translation and culture. According to H.D.Brown, culture is the thinking, customs, science and technology of a particular nation in a certain period of time. B.W.Robinett believes that language reflects the culture of a society. H.A.K.Halliday believes that language cannot exist without a particular social or social background. Language is not only a tool of communication, but also a means of reflecting the cultural characteristics of a country. P.Gilioli believes that the premise for L2 learners to communicate with native speakers and understand the social meaning is to have a common cultural standard and background knowledge. With different cultures, there are differences in social norms. Cultural differences directly affect the generation, change and development of language. This paper expounds the obstacles to literary translation caused by cultural differences, including different historical backgrounds, different religious beliefs, different living environments and regions, different thinking patterns and associations, different social and cultural customs, etc. It is pointed out that cultural differences cause obstacles to translation, but this does not mean that translation is impossible, so the untranslatability of cultural implication cannot be overemphasized. At the same time, considering different translation purposes, text types, author's intentions and readers, the most common means of dealing with cultural differences in literary translation are literal translation (i.e. alienation) and free translation (i.e. domestication). Both of them can accomplish their respective missions in the target language culture, so they all have their own value in existence, because the rational use of these methods is conducive to the realization of language communication and the improvement of communication quality. Therefore, this paper emphasizes that the debate on whether to use literal translation or free translation should not be too extreme. Translation is a language act, and the translator should deal with it objectively rather than subjectively, and literal translation is an effective means to achieve this end. However, due to its limitations, literal translation is not the only, omnipotent. In my opinion, the relationship between literal translation and free translation is dialectical and unified. They are not only non-contradictory, but also complementary to each other. This paper puts forward six common methods to deal with the obstacles of translation caused by cultural differences: 1) literal or free translation with annotations, 2) image conversion, abandonment, 3) appropriate addition and subtraction, 4) concrete and abstract transformation; 5) substitution method 6) analogy, et al. In dealing with the obstacles to literary translation caused by cultural differences, no matter which method is adopted, the following three principles should be followed. In order to solve the problem beneficial: 1) the translation should be appropriate 2) the translation should try to retain the original cultural color 3) The translation should be as obedient as possible to the readers' cultural psychological habits
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：I046

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