汉语中“风”的转喻和隐喻研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 15:26

本文关键词： 风隐喻转喻认知　出处：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自上世纪八十年代，随着Lakoff和Johnson《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书的出版，对隐喻和转喻的研究进入了认知这一新领域。书中提出隐喻不仅仅是一种语言现象，更是一种对客观世界范畴化的认知机制，而这种机制基于人的身体经验。与隐喻一样，传统理论把转喻看做是重要的修辞方式之一。直到上世纪九十年代初，对转喻的研究，才逐渐受到认知语言学家们的重视。Radden和Kovecses（1999）把转喻定义为一种认知现象，是在同一理想化认知模型内一概念实体向另一概念实体提供心理可及的认知过程。从这个意义上讲，转喻摆脱了传统理论中需具备指称功能这一观念的局限。二十一世纪初期，国内一些学者在转喻和隐喻的理论引介及研究方面也做出了很大贡献，如赵艳芳（2000）、束定芳（2000）、及李勇忠（2005）等。还有许多基于汉语语料的隐喻和转喻方面的研究，大致可分为三种：一是从认知角度对汉语中一些身体部位及汉字转喻和隐喻的研究；二是汉语中某一字词的隐喻和转喻间关系研究；三是，某一汉字的中英文对比研究。其中对汉字“风”的研究有两篇，都是从英、汉双语对比角度进行的，而且在两篇文章中，作者或者忽视“风”的转喻映射，或者将其归为隐喻映射。因此，本文旨在对以下两个问题进行研究：第一，汉语中“风”的隐喻和转喻有哪些？第二,汉语“风”的隐喻和转喻的理据是什么？本文通过量化与质化相结合的方式，从认知的角度对汉语中“风”的隐喻和转喻进行研究。通过对北京大学中国语言学研究中心的现代汉语语料库中随机抽取的500条含有汉字“风”的样本进行分类研究，发现汉语中“风”通过隐喻可以映射到“消息”、“音乐”、“风气”、“原因”和“良好举止”等认知域中；而通过转喻关系可投射到“声音”、“疾病”、“春风”和“秋风”等认知域中。其中风的转喻遵循“具体优于抽象”、“量多优于量少”和“完型程度高优于完型程度低”等认知原则。这些原则也刚好验证了RaddenKovecses (1999)所提出的“决定转喻中喻体优先选择性”的若干原则。分析发现，汉语中风的隐喻形成主要基于我们对于自然界中风的经验，，并且有一些隐喻的形成同时还受本国文化因素的影响。此外，本文通过研究发现汉语中有些“风”的隐喻具有转喻基础，例如：“消息是风”、“改革力量是东风”和“缺少食物是西风”等隐喻。
[Abstract]:Since the last century in 80s, with the metaphor > the survival of our Lakoff and Johnson< a book published, research on metaphor and metonymy entered this new field of cognitive metaphor. In this book is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but a cognitive mechanism of the category of the objective world, and this mechanism based on people the experience of the body. Like metaphor, metonymy is regarded as one of the traditional theory of rhetoric important. Until the last century at the beginning of 90s, the study of metonymy, cognitive linguists have gradually attach importance to.Radden and Kovecses (1999) to Yu Dingyi as a cognitive phenomenon, is a cognitive model within a conceptual entity in the same provide an ideal psychological and cognitive process to another conceptual entity. In this sense, the need to get rid of metonymy have this idea that functional limitation of the traditional theory.
In early twenty-first Century, some domestic scholars in the introduction of theory and research of metonymy and metaphor has also made great contributions, such as Zhao Yanfang (2000), Shu Dingfang (2000), and Li Yongzhong (2005). There are many studies on metaphor and metonymy in Chinese language based on corpus, can be divided into three kinds: one is to study some parts of the body and Chinese characters of metonymy and metaphor in Chinese from the angle of cognition; the two is the study of the relationship between metaphor and metaphor in Chinese a word; three, in English a comparative study of the research on the Chinese characters. Chinese characters "wind" of the two articles, are from English Chinese bilingual comparison point of view, and in the two article, author or ignore the "metonymic mapping wind", or classified as metaphors. Therefore, this paper aims at the research on the following two questions: first, Chinese "metaphor and metonymy style" what article? Two, what are the reasons for the metaphor and metonymy of the Chinese "wind"?
In this paper, through the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, from the perspective of cognition of Chinese "wind" metaphor and metonymy are studied. Through random sampling of research center of Peking University Chinese linguistics in modern Chinese corpus containing 500 Chinese characters of "wind" samples classified research, found the Chinese "wind" by metaphor can be mapped to the "news", "music", "culture", "reason" and "good manners" and other cognitive domains; and through the metonymic relations onto the "sound", "disease", "spring" and "autumn" and other cognitive domains.
The wind follows "specific than abstract" metonymy ", much less than the" end "and a high degree of type is better than the end type low level" cognitive principles. These principles are just to verify RaddenKovecses (1999) proposed "some principles in Metonymy metaphor preference". Analysis shows that metaphor the formation of Chinese stroke for stroke based on the experience of our nature, and the formation of some metaphors also affected their cultural factors.
In addition, this study finds that some "wind" Metaphors in Chinese are metonymic, such as "news is wind", "reform power is easterly" and "lack of food is westerly".

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136

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