针对俄罗斯学习者的汉语委婉语习得研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 08:40

本文选题：汉语　切入点：俄语　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：委婉语((?)BM)是指不含感情色彩的代替近义词或者具有令人不悦的、不够尊重的含义的词或者词语①。委婉语在日常生活中扮演十分重要的角色。委婉语的作用很广泛,主要是帮助说话人避免说出不好听或者尴尬的事情,可是在汉语中委婉语还有另一个作用,就是把好听的话变成更好听、增加礼貌的。虽然在现代汉语委婉语的第二个作用出现的越来越少,可是这还是普遍的现象。本文的主要目的是通过调查问卷,研究目前具有汉语高级水平的俄罗斯汉语学习者对汉语的委婉语了解的程度,分析出在学习汉语中缺乏的汉语委婉语,并提出一些教学方面的建议,因此所存在的知识的空白以后不会再出现。全文可以分为五个部分：第一章：以选题意义、研究综述、研究的目的及方法为主要内容,通过研究综述分析出目前研究中出现的不足,作为本论文研究的内容。第二章：通过两本词典“委婉语应用辞典”和“CnoBapb 3Bc(?)eM(?)3MOB pyccKoro(?)Ka”的分析与对比,研究目前两种语言中运用委婉语的目的、频率、范围等；找出不同点作为俄罗斯汉语学习者在学习汉语中的难点；通过从“委婉语应用辞典”筛选俄罗斯汉语学习者在使用汉语中会用到的口语的委婉语,我们选出来了154个委婉语作为研究主要的内容。第三章：通过语料库方法及母语为汉语者的调查,我们完善了已筛选的委婉语列表,补充了口语中常常出现的委婉语,删掉了用得很少或者多用于书面语的委婉语。第四章：通过汉语高级水平的俄罗斯汉语学习者的调查,研究目前俄罗斯学习者对汉语委婉语了解的程度,并找出不足及空白,作为改善的内容。第五章：在调查的结果上给予的建议并提供可以在教学汉语中补充的委婉语表。通过我们的研究发现汉语中委婉语是普遍的现象,并且大量使用。俄罗斯汉语学习者对汉语委婉语只有基本的了解,对于一些常用的委婉语掌握的并不是很好。我做出了建议俄罗斯汉语学习者学习的委婉语表格,一共有100个我们认为应该补充的委婉语(不包括在俄罗斯学习者汉语委婉语使用调查中频率超过15%出现的委婉语)。希对望以后的委婉语教学及教材编写起到一定作用。使学生学会如何正确地运用词典查找委婉语,并更多地了解委婉语在日常生活中的使用。
[Abstract]:Euphemism? "BMM" is a word or word that does not contain feelings or has an unpleasant, disrespectful meaning. Euphemism plays a very important role in daily life. Euphemism plays a wide range of roles. The main thing is to help the speaker avoid saying things that are not easy to hear or embarrassing. But in Chinese, euphemism has another function, that is, to make the words that are good to listen better. Although the second role of euphemism in modern Chinese appears less and less, it is still a common phenomenon. This paper studies the understanding of euphemism in Russian Chinese learners with advanced Chinese level, analyzes the lack of Chinese euphemism in learning Chinese, and puts forward some teaching suggestions. Therefore, the blank of the existing knowledge will not appear again. The full text can be divided into five parts: the first chapter: the significance of the topic, the research summary, the purpose and method of the research as the main content. Based on the summary of the research, this paper analyzes the deficiency of the present research as the content of this thesis. Chapter two: through two dictionaries, "euphemism Applied Dictionary" and "CnoBapb 3BcCU"? Em? 3MOB pyccKoro? The purpose, frequency and scope of euphemism used in the two languages are studied, and differences are identified as difficulties for Russian Chinese learners in learning Chinese. By selecting the spoken euphemism that Russian Chinese learners will use in the use of Chinese from the euphemism Applied Dictionary, We have selected 154 euphemisms as the main contents of the study. Chapter three: through the corpus method and the survey of native speakers of Chinese, we have perfected the selected euphemism list and supplemented the euphemism that often appears in spoken language. Deleting the euphemisms that are used little or more in written language. Chapter 4th: through the investigation of Russian Chinese learners at the advanced level of Chinese, we study the extent to which Russian learners understand Chinese euphemism at present, and find out the deficiencies and gaps. As an improvement, Chapter 5th: suggestions on the results of the survey and a list of euphemisms that can be added to the teaching of Chinese. Through our research, we found that euphemism is a common phenomenon in Chinese. Russian Chinese learners only have a basic understanding of Chinese euphemism, but not very good at some commonly used euphemisms. I have made a euphemism form to suggest Russian Chinese learners to learn. There are 100 euphemisms that we think should be supplemented (excluding euphemisms that occur more than 15% times in the Russian Learners' Chinese euphemism Survey). Help students learn how to use dictionaries correctly to find euphemisms, And learn more about the use of euphemism in daily life.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H195

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