类型学视角下的现代汉语形容词词类问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 07:31

本文选题：类型学　切入点：现代汉语形容词　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：类型学的研究者在讨论形容词是否为人类语言的共性时，常常将现代汉语拿来作为反对“形容词是人类语言共有的词类”这一论断的证据，这是由于在许多论著中汉语形容词被当作动词的一个次类。在汉语学界，虽然形容词这一术语得到了广泛的认可和使用，但同时也常常强调汉语形容词能够做谓语，形成形—动合流的观点。如此一来，汉语的形容词就难以取得独立的词类地位，，从而与动词完全区别开来。现有的文献常常只考察汉语形容词中承载属性概念的那部分成员，并只讨论这部分成员在定语位置和谓语位置上的情形。这种做法显然受到了以拉丁文文法和英语文法为蓝本的语法体系的影响。汉语中，承载状态概念的词汇也被纳入了形容词，对这部分成员的理解将影响形容词词类地位的判断。在语言学中，虽然人们常常强调应当将构词法与句法区别开来，但是词的内部结构将会牵涉汉语形容词可能实现的句法位置，从而影响人们对于句法的判断。在词类界定的原则上有两种观点，一为共性论，一为个性论，虽然本文坚持个性论的指导原则，并讨论词类划分的相关理论，以及在这些理论的框架中对汉语形容词的词类地位及其相关问题的看法。本文认为汉语中应当设立一个独立的形容词词类，汉语形容词虽然可以进入谓语位置，并且不像名词那样需要与系词“是”共现，但是在句法行为上仍然可以与动词区别开来。
[Abstract]:In discussing whether adjectives are common to human languages, typologists often use modern Chinese as evidence against the assertion that adjectives are common parts of speech in human languages. This is because Chinese adjectives are regarded as a subclass of verbs in many works. Although the term adjective is widely accepted and used in Chinese circles, it is often emphasized that Chinese adjectives can be used as predicates. In this way, it is difficult for adjectives in Chinese to obtain independent position of part of speech, which is completely different from verbs. The existing literature often only looks at the members of the concept of bearing attribute of adjectives in Chinese. And discuss only the case of this group of members in attributive and predicate positions. This approach is obviously influenced by the grammatical system based on Latin grammar and English grammar. Words that carry the concept of state are also included in adjectives, and the understanding of this group of members will affect the judgment of the position of adjectives in parts of speech. In linguistics, although it is often emphasized that word-formation should be distinguished from syntax, However, the internal structure of words will involve the possible syntactic position of Chinese adjectives, thus affecting people's judgment of syntax. There are two views on the principle of defining parts of speech, one is generalism, the other is individualism. Although this article adheres to the guiding principle of personality theory and discusses the relevant theories of the division of parts of speech, As well as the views on the position of Chinese adjectives in parts of speech and their related problems in the framework of these theories. This paper holds that an independent adjective category should be established in Chinese, although Chinese adjectives can enter the predicate position, And unlike nouns, they need to be coexisting with the word "yes", but can still be distinguished from verbs in syntactic behavior.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】