汉越亲属称谓词对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 00:40

本文选题：现代汉语　切入点：现代越语　出处：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究现代汉语词汇，亲属称谓词不可少，因为亲属称谓词是非常重要而且十分常用的基本词汇的一部分，它是维系家庭和社会生活的重要纽带，蕴含着本国浓厚的文化特色，也是了解该民族风俗习惯、思想观念的重要依据，同时也是对外汉语教学之难点。中越两国是山水相连的友好邻居，由于地理位置、历史文化背景等特殊因素，自古以来就有着深远的文化交流，在此过程中互相吸收对方的风俗习惯、文化思想。而语言与文化互相依赖互相影响，汉语亲属称谓词本身是中华民族博大精深源远流长文化中的儒家思想和宗族制度的产物。由于汉语亲属称谓词系统之庞杂、数量之繁多，加上文化交流源远流长，导致语言表达方式产生很多相同之处，同时也存在着不少的差异，，给越南学习者造成不少困惑和困难。因此从多角度、多层次将汉越亲属称谓词较为深刻、具有广度地进行有系统性的对比分析是尤为需要的。笔者在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，首先对称谓词及其有关概念进行界定，然后从亲属称谓词构词法这个角度进行分析，指出由于两国人民所吸收的文化思想，生活习惯、地理环境、历史变迁等不同的原因而导致语言表达习惯的不同。接着以此展开对汉语亲属称谓词和越语亲属称谓词较为深度的对比，找出两者之间的异同及其所产生的原因，并进行异同点归类总结。结果发现越语亲属称谓词除了像汉语一样有描述型之外，还有分类型亲属称谓词。越语亲属称谓词组合成分语素绝大多数都能单独使用，不管男女比例、父系母系姻系比例、还是宗亲与非宗亲比例都显得相对平衡，无区分属性的因子数量非常多，而汉语则呈现出失衡现象，构词语素皆不能单独使用。从内部结构来看，越语亲属称谓词体现出系统扩展简化趋势，而汉语描述型的亲属称谓词系统则呈现出复杂化趋势。此外，由于中越受儒家思想、宗法制度的影响度不同，汉越亲属称谓词男尊女卑、内外亲疏等特点在一定程度上也都有差别。在本文研究基础上我希望可以将研究成果应用于越南学习者，以及对他们在学汉语的过程中调整这方面知识的学习，对汉语亲属称谓词教学提出更加完善的几个建议。因此本文在一定程度上可以对对外汉语教学和越南学习者学习汉语这两方面起到有益的作用。
[Abstract]:To study modern Chinese vocabulary, kinship appellation words are indispensable, because kinship appellations are very important and very commonly used basic words. They are important ties to maintain family and social life, and contain strong cultural characteristics of our country. It is also an important basis for understanding the customs and ideas of this nation, and is also a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. China and Vietnam are friendly neighbors connected by mountains and rivers. Due to special factors such as geographical location, historical and cultural background, and so on, China and Vietnam have had profound cultural exchanges since ancient times. In the process, they assimilated each other's customs and habits. Cultural thought. And language and culture depend on each other each other, Chinese kinship appellation word itself is the product of Confucian thought and clan system in the Chinese nation's extensive and profound culture. The great number and the long history of cultural exchanges have led to a lot of similarities in language expressions, and at the same time there have been many differences, which have caused a lot of confusion and difficulties to Vietnamese learners. Therefore, from many angles, Chinese and Vietnamese kinship appellations are more profound at different levels, and it is especially necessary to carry out systematic comparative analysis in a wide range. Based on the previous research results, the author first defines the symmetric predicate and its related concepts, then analyzes the word formation of relative appellations, and points out that because of the cultural ideas and living habits absorbed by the people of the two countries, Different reasons, such as geographical environment and historical changes, lead to different language expression habits. Then, the author makes a deep comparison between Chinese kinship appellations and Vietnamese kinship appellations, and finds out the similarities and differences between them and their causes. The results show that there are different kinship appellations besides describing words like Chinese. Most of them can be used separately. Regardless of the ratio of male and female, matrilineal marriage ratio, or patriarchal and non-patriarchal ratio, there are many factors without distinguishing attributes, while the Chinese language shows a phenomenon of imbalance. From the point of view of internal structure, the relative appellations of Yue language reflect the trend of systematic expansion and simplification, while the system of kinship appellations of Chinese descriptive type shows a trend of complication. In addition, because of the acceptance of Confucian thought between China and Vietnam, the Chinese and Vietnamese kinship appellations have a tendency of complication. The influence of patriarchal clan system is different. On the basis of this study, I hope to be able to apply the research results to Vietnamese learners and to adjust their knowledge in the process of learning Chinese. Therefore, this paper can play a beneficial role in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and Vietnamese learners in learning Chinese to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H44;H195.3

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